Gap finder
Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
504 questions in 57 reviews · Kidney and Transplant
current versionsNo studies 504 · 100%Ungraded 0 · 0%Very low 0 · 0%Low 0 · 0%Moderate 0 · 0%High 0 · 0%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Isothermal dialysate vs thermoneutral dialysate Stroke · patients requiring haemodialysis Dialysate temperature reduction for intradialytic hypotension for people with chronic kidney disease… (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Fixed reduction of dialysate temperature vs standard dialysate temperature Death (all causes) · patients requiring haemodialysis Dialysate temperature reduction for intradialytic hypotension for people with chronic kidney disease… (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Fixed reduction of dialysate temperature vs standard dialysate temperature Acute coronary syndrome · patients requiring haemodialysis Dialysate temperature reduction for intradialytic hypotension for people with chronic kidney disease… (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Fixed reduction of dialysate temperature vs standard dialysate temperature Stroke · patients requiring haemodialysis Dialysate temperature reduction for intradialytic hypotension for people with chronic kidney disease… (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings: exercise vs control Quality of life · people with CKD Interventions for improving sleep quality in people with chronic kidney disease (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings: exercise vs control Anxiety Beck Anxiety Inventory (BECK) (median · people with CKD Interventions for improving sleep quality in people with chronic kidney disease (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings: exercise vs control Hospitalisation · people with CKD Interventions for improving sleep quality in people with chronic kidney disease (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings: acupressure vs control Quality of life · people with CKD Interventions for improving sleep quality in people with chronic kidney disease (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings: acupressure vs control Anxiety · people with CKD Interventions for improving sleep quality in people with chronic kidney disease (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings: relaxation vs control Sleep latency PSQI (median · people with CKD Interventions for improving sleep quality in people with chronic kidney disease (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings: acupressure vs control Hospitalisation · people with CKD Interventions for improving sleep quality in people with chronic kidney disease (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings: relaxation vs control Hospitalisation (median · people with CKD Interventions for improving sleep quality in people with chronic kidney disease (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings: exercise vs control Sleep latency · people with CKD Interventions for improving sleep quality in people with chronic kidney disease (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings: Lanthanum vs placebo/usual care Cardiovascular death · people with CKD Phosphate binders for preventing and treating chronic kidney disease‐mineral and bone disorder (CKD‐MBD) (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings: Iron vs placebo/usual care Cardiovascular death · people with CKD Phosphate binders for preventing and treating chronic kidney disease‐mineral and bone disorder (CKD‐MBD) (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings: Iron vs placebo/usual care Hypercalcaemia · people with CKD Phosphate binders for preventing and treating chronic kidney disease‐mineral and bone disorder (CKD‐MBD) (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings: Sevelamer vs placebo/usual care Cardiovascular death · people with CKD Phosphate binders for preventing and treating chronic kidney disease‐mineral and bone disorder (CKD‐MBD) (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings: Iron vs placebo/usual care Vomiting · people with CKD Phosphate binders for preventing and treating chronic kidney disease‐mineral and bone disorder (CKD‐MBD) (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings: Iron vs placebo/usual care Coronary artery calcification score · people with CKD Phosphate binders for preventing and treating chronic kidney disease‐mineral and bone disorder (CKD‐MBD) (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings: Calcium vs placebo/usual care Cardiovascular death · people with CKD Phosphate binders for preventing and treating chronic kidney disease‐mineral and bone disorder (CKD‐MBD) (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings: Calcium vs placebo/usual care Vomiting · people with CKD Phosphate binders for preventing and treating chronic kidney disease‐mineral and bone disorder (CKD‐MBD) (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings ‐ Lanthanum vs calcium Cardiovascular death · patients with CKD Phosphate binders for preventing and treating chronic kidney disease‐mineral and bone disorder (CKD‐MBD) (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Omega‐3 fatty acids vs placebo Serious adverse events: cardiovascular events · Dialysis vascular access outcomes in AVF patients with ESKD Omega‐3 fatty acids for dialysis vascular access outcomes in patients with chronic kidney disease (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Omega‐3 fatty acids vs placebo Serious adverse events: major bleeding · Dialysis vascular access outcomes in AVF patients with ESKD Omega‐3 fatty acids for dialysis vascular access outcomes in patients with chronic kidney disease (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Antibiotics vs no treatment Outcomes ( · adult kidney transplant recipients Antibiotics for asymptomatic bacteriuria in kidney transplant recipients (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
GLP‐1 agonists vs placebo All cardiovascular death · people with diabetes and CKD Insulin and glucose‐lowering agents for treating people with diabetes and chronic kidney disease (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Glitazone vs placebo All cardiovascular death · people with diabetes and CKD Insulin and glucose‐lowering agents for treating people with diabetes and chronic kidney disease (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Glitazone vs placebo eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) · people with diabetes and CKD Insulin and glucose‐lowering agents for treating people with diabetes and chronic kidney disease (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Sitagliptin vs glipizide All cardiovascular death · people with diabetes and CKD Insulin and glucose‐lowering agents for treating people with diabetes and chronic kidney disease (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR All‐cause mortality · CKD patients (any stage) treated for anaemia Continuous erythropoiesis receptor activator (CERA) for the anaemia of chronic kidney disease (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Hypertension · CKD patients (any stage) treated for anaemia Continuous erythropoiesis receptor activator (CERA) for the anaemia of chronic kidney disease (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Dietary modifications (counselling or dietary change) vs control Major cardiovascular event · people with CKD Dietary interventions for adults with chronic kidney disease (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Manual acupressure vs routine care Pain1 Not measured · patients with end‐stage kidney disease Acupuncture and related interventions for symptoms of chronic kidney disease (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Very low vs low protein diet Mortality · people with CKD‐MBD Dietary interventions for mineral and bone disorder in people with chronic kidney disease (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Very low vs low protein diet Cardiovascular events · people with CKD‐MBD Dietary interventions for mineral and bone disorder in people with chronic kidney disease (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Very low vs low protein diet Fracture · people with CKD‐MBD Dietary interventions for mineral and bone disorder in people with chronic kidney disease (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Low phosphorus vs normal diet Mortality · people with CKD‐MBD Dietary interventions for mineral and bone disorder in people with chronic kidney disease (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Low phosphorus vs normal diet Cardiovascular events · people with CKD‐MBD Dietary interventions for mineral and bone disorder in people with chronic kidney disease (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Low phosphorus vs normal diet Fracture · people with CKD‐MBD Dietary interventions for mineral and bone disorder in people with chronic kidney disease (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Post‐haemodialysis dietary supplement vs normal diet Mortality · people with CKD‐MBD undergoing haemodialysis Dietary interventions for mineral and bone disorder in people with chronic kidney disease (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Post‐haemodialysis dietary supplement vs normal diet Cardiovascular events · people with CKD‐MBD undergoing haemodialysis Dietary interventions for mineral and bone disorder in people with chronic kidney disease (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Post‐haemodialysis dietary supplement vs normal diet Fracture · people with CKD‐MBD undergoing haemodialysis Dietary interventions for mineral and bone disorder in people with chronic kidney disease (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Low phosphorus intake (avoiding food additives) vs normal diet Cardiovascular events · patients with CKD‐MBD Dietary interventions for mineral and bone disorder in people with chronic kidney disease (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Low phosphorus intake (avoiding food additives) vs normal diet Fracture · patients with CKD‐MBD Dietary interventions for mineral and bone disorder in people with chronic kidney disease (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Low phosphorus intake plus placebo vs ad libitum diet plus placebo Mortality · patients with CKD‐MBD Dietary interventions for mineral and bone disorder in people with chronic kidney disease (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Low phosphorus intake plus placebo vs ad libitum diet plus placebo Cardiovascular events · patients with CKD‐MBD Dietary interventions for mineral and bone disorder in people with chronic kidney disease (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Low phosphorus intake plus placebo vs ad libitum diet plus placebo Fracture · patients with CKD‐MBD Dietary interventions for mineral and bone disorder in people with chronic kidney disease (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Low phosphorus intake plus lanthanum carbonate vs ad libitum diet plus lanthanum carbonate Mortality · patients with CKD‐MBD Dietary interventions for mineral and bone disorder in people with chronic kidney disease (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Low phosphorus intake plus lanthanum carbonate vs ad libitum diet plus lanthanum carbonate Cardiovascular events · patients with CKD‐MBD Dietary interventions for mineral and bone disorder in people with chronic kidney disease (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Low phosphorus intake plus lanthanum carbonate vs ad libitum diet plus lanthanum carbonate Fracture · patients with CKD‐MBD Dietary interventions for mineral and bone disorder in people with chronic kidney disease (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |