What do systematic reviews say?

Proportion of participants with ≥ 1 non‐serious adverse events ‐ not reported · adults with biliary sphincter of Oddi dysfunction

Serious adverse events related to the use of physical restraints ‐ not measured · older people in all long‐term care settings

Risk of serious adverse events, including those that may be complications of the common cold · adults and children with colds and/or upper respiratory infections

Non‐serious local adverse events (low risk of bias) live attenuated HAV vaccine ICH‐GCP 1997 · patients with preventing hepatitis A.

Non‐serious systemic adverse events (low risk of bias) live attenuated HAV vaccine ICH‐GCP 1997 · patients with preventing hepatitis A.

Non‐serious local adverse events (all included studies) live attenuated HAV vaccine ICH‐GCP 1997 · patients with preventing hepatitis A.

Non‐serious systemic adverse events (all included studies) live attenuated HAV vaccine ICH‐GCP 1997 · patients with preventing hepatitis A.

Number of participants experiencing 1 or more serious adverse events at the end of the intervention period · cognitively healthy people in late life

Number of participants experiencing 1 or more serious adverse events at the end of the intervention period · cognitively healthy people in late life

Serious adverse events measured by surgery or procedure‐related complications within 30 days ‐ not reported · patients undergoing non‐cardiac surgery/invasive procedures

Serious adverse events measured by surgery or procedure‐related complications within 30 days ‐ not reported · patients undergoing non‐cardiac surgery/invasive procedures

Serious adverse events measured by surgery or procedure‐related complications within 30 days ‐ not reported · patients undergoing non‐cardiac surgery/invasive procedures

Risk of adverse events and serious adverse eventsb, bradycardia, PONV, and signs of residual neuromuscular blockade · Adult patients, ASA I‐IV, who received non‐depolarizing NMBAs

Risk of adverse events and serious adverse eventsb, bradycardia, PONV, and signs of residual neuromuscular blockade · Adult patients, ASA I‐IV, who received non‐depolarizing NMBAs

There was no evidence of differences in the number of serious adverse events for any of the comparisons Quality of evidence = very low1,2,3. · people undergoing liver resection

Adverse events Defined as leading to discontinuation of study medication; or for studies with standard care control, defined by study authors as "serious adverse events" · adults with acute respiratory distress syndrome

Quality of life Drug resistance/microbial sensitivity Serious adverse events Lung function Hospitalisations Adverse events/side effects Number of participants colonised with P aeruginosa · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Quality of life Drug resistance/microbial sensitivity Serious adverse events Lung function Hospitalisations Adverse events/side effects Number of participants colonised with P aeruginosa · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Quality of life Drug resistance/microbial sensitivity Serious adverse events Lung function Hospitalisations Adverse events/side effects Number of participants colonised with P aeruginosa · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Incidence of serious adverse events (we used the NIH definition of adverse events. A serious event includes death, a life‐threatening event that requires hospitalization or prolonged hospitalization, disability or congenital anomaly) · peripheral nerve block