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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

3,032 questions · 3,358 findings · 190 reviews · related questions CL0289

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No studies found 599 · 17.8%GRADE not reported 1,759 · 52.4%Very low 612 · 18.2%Low 269 · 8%Moderate 107 · 3.2%High 12 · 0.4%

Clear aligners (Invisalign / thermoformed aligners) vs Fixed appliances

Plaque · Adolescents/teenagers undergoing orthodontic treatment

A single study reported a lower full-mouth plaque score with aligners versus fixed appliances in adolescents at 12 months (MD -43.48, 95% CI -47.65 to -39.31; ungraded).

1 finding from 1 review

Intensive periodontal treatment (subgingival SRP with or without other periodontal treatment) vs No treatment (no periodontal treatment)

Systolic blood pressure (mmHg), change from baseline · Adults (any age/sex) with chronic periodontitis (>=5 teeth remaining; PPD >4 mm), with or without hypertension

Periodontal treatment (subgingival SRP with or without other… showed no clear difference in change in systolic blood pressure (SBP, mmHg) compared with no treatment (no periodontal treatment) (low certainty).

4 findings from 1 review
Show 1 more finding
  • Effect of periodontal treatments on blood pressure 2021 · Cochrane All outcomes
    Short term (follow-up 3 months) · People diagnosed with periodontitis and other cardiovascular diseases except hypertension
    MD 0.59 [-9.18, 10.36]
    1 study · 55 participants
    Very low

Bone-borne expansion vs Fixed tooth-borne expansion (Hyrax)

Crossbite correction · Children and adults with a posterior crossbite, without a Class III skeletal relationship, cleft lip or palate (or both), or other…

Bone-borne expansion showed no clear difference in crossbite correction compared with fixed tooth-borne expansion (Hyrax) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Chemotherapy vs Placebo

Outcome not reported · People receiving curative-intent treatment for oral cavity and oropharyngeal (squamous cell) cancer

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Double primary (canine and first molar) tooth extraction vs Single primary (canine) tooth extraction

Incidence of successfully erupted PDC that were favourably positioned · Young people aged 9 to 14 years diagnosed with one or both palatally displaced permanent maxillary canines (PDC)

Double primary (canine and first molar) tooth extraction showed no clear difference in incidence of successfully erupted PDC that were favourably positioned compared with single primary (canine) tooth extraction; GRADE not reported.

3 findings from 1 review

Lower lip bumper vs No active treatment (control)

Lower incisors to mandible (position, mm) at 9 months · Children or adolescents (aged 16 years old or under) receiving orthodontic treatment to prevent or correct crowded teeth

Lower lip bumper led to higher lower incisors to mandible at 6 months compared with no active treatment (control); GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Nickel-titanium archwire vs Stainless steel archwire

Amount of crowding (change in mandibular crowding) at 8 weeks · Children or adolescents (aged 16 years old or under) receiving orthodontic treatment to prevent or correct crowded teeth

It is very uncertain whether nickel-titanium archwire changes amount of crowding (change in mandibular crowding) at 8 weeks compared with stainless steel archwire (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Cervical pull headgear vs Minor interceptive procedures (control)

Size of the jaws (maxillary and mandibular arch length) · Children or adolescents (aged 16 years old or under) receiving orthodontic treatment to prevent or correct crowded teeth

Cervical pull headgear led to higher size of the jaws (maxillary and mandibular arch length) compared with minor interceptive procedures (control); GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Lower lip bumper vs No active treatment (control)

Size of the lower jaw (arch length) · Children or adolescents (aged 16 years old or under) receiving orthodontic treatment to prevent or correct crowded teeth

Lower lip bumper led to higher size of the lower jaw (mandibular arch length) at 6 months compared with no active treatment (control); GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Intensive periodontal treatment (subgingival SRP with or without other periodontal treatment) vs Supra-gingival scaling

Heart rate · Adults (any age/sex) with chronic periodontitis (>=5 teeth remaining; PPD >4 mm), with or without hypertension

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review
  • Effect of periodontal treatments on blood pressure 2021 · Cochrane All outcomes
    Heart rate was reported only by Higashi 2009 (periodontal treatment vs no treatment); no study in the intensive-treatment vs supra-gingival-scaling comparison reported heart rate.
    Studies not reported
    No studies found

ARP with xenograft (bone graft) vs Extraction alone

Aesthetic outcomes of future prosthodontic rehabilitation · Adults aged 18 years or older, in good general health (including well-controlled systemic disease), requiring extraction of one or more…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Intensive periodontal treatment (subgingival SRP with or without other periodontal treatment) vs No treatment (no periodontal treatment)

Probing pocket depth · Adults (any age/sex) with chronic periodontitis (>=5 teeth remaining; PPD >4 mm), with or without hypertension

Periodontal treatment (subgingival SRP with or without other… led to lower pocket probing depth (PPD) compared with no treatment (no periodontal treatment); GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Rubber dam vs Isolite system

Participant acceptance/satisfaction · Dental patients undergoing direct or indirect restorative treatment (no age or gender restriction)
1 finding from 1 review
  • Rubber dam isolation for restorative treatment in dental patients 2021 · Cochrane All outcomes
    Pit and fissure sealing (permanent molars)
    Rubber dam may be associated with significantly lower satisfaction than the Isolite system but evidence very uncertain, mainly worse comfort (31%, P=0.02) and less preference (26%, P=0.002) (Alhareky 2014).
    1 study · 42 participants
    Very low

Induction chemotherapy plus locoregional treatment (radiotherapy and/or surgery) vs Locoregional treatment (radiotherapy and/or surgery) alone

Overall survival, induction platinum + 5-fluorouracil prior to radiotherapy vs radiotherapy alone · People receiving curative-intent treatment for oral cavity and oropharyngeal (squamous cell) cancer

Induction chemotherapy plus locoregional treatment (radiotherapy… showed no clear difference in overall survival, induction platinum + 5-fluorouracil prior to… compared with locoregional treatment (radiotherapy and/or surgery) alone (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

ARP with xenograft (bone graft) vs Extraction alone

Changes in vertical height of alveolar ridge (mm) · Adults aged 18 years or older, in good general health (including well-controlled systemic disease), requiring extraction of one or more…

It is very uncertain whether ARP with xenograft (bone graft) changes changes in vertical height of alveolar ridge (mm) compared with extraction alone (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

ARP with demineralised bone matrix, single particle size vs ARP with demineralised bone matrix, multiple particle size

Changes in vertical height of alveolar ridge (mm) · Adults aged 18 years or older, in good general health (including well-controlled systemic disease), requiring extraction of one or more…

It is very uncertain whether ARP with demineralised bone matrix, single particle size changes changes in vertical height of alveolar ridge (mm) compared with ARP with demineralised bone matrix, multiple particle size (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Fixed tooth-borne expansion (Hyrax) vs Bonded expander plate (acrylic)

Molar expansion · Children and adults with a posterior crossbite, without a Class III skeletal relationship, cleft lip or palate (or both), or other…

Fixed tooth-borne Hyrax expander showed no clear difference in molar expansion compared with bonded expander plate (acrylic); GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Fixed bonded acrylic splint expander vs no treatment

Molar expansion · Children and adults with a posterior crossbite, without a Class III skeletal relationship, cleft lip or palate (or both), or other…

Fixed bonded acrylic splint expander showed no clear difference in molar expansion (maxillary intermolar width) compared with no treatment; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review