Gap finder
Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
68 questions in 8 reviews · intervention: Exposure: maternal/perinatal · outcome domain: Caries (unspecified)
current versionsNo studies 1 · 1.5%Ungraded 66 · 97.1%Very low 1 · 1.5%Low 0 · 0%Moderate 0 · 0%High 0 · 0%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
Intervention categories, outcome domains and clusters are a proposed key pending human validation. Clear all filters
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Maternal smoking during pregnancy vs No maternal smoking during pregnancy Dental caries · Children · Study region: Europe Correlation Between Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy and Dental Caries in Children: A Systematic Review and… (2021) | OR 1.55 [1.45, 1.66] | 3 studies | Ungraded |
Maternal smoking during pregnancy vs No maternal smoking during pregnancy Dental caries · Children · Children's age: 3 years or younger Correlation Between Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy and Dental Caries in Children: A Systematic Review and… (2021) | OR 1.71 [1.34, 2.16] | 3 studies | Ungraded |
Lower parental (maternal/paternal) education vs Higher parental education Dental caries · Healthy children and adolescents in the United Arab Emirates Oral Health of Children and Adolescents in the United Arab Emirates: A Systematic Review of the Past Decade. (2021) | Maternal education was not associated with children's caries in the Hashim et al. studies, whereas father's educational level was negatively associated with DMFT in Khadri et al. (secondary-aged children: -0.35, 95% CI… | NR | Ungraded |
Maternal smoking during pregnancy vs No maternal smoking during pregnancy Dental caries · Children · Caries assessment: visual/tactile examination Correlation Between Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy and Dental Caries in Children: A Systematic Review and… (2021) | OR 1.48 [1.15, 1.91] | 3 studies | Ungraded |
Maternal smoking during pregnancy vs No maternal smoking during pregnancy Childhood dental caries · Children in cross-sectional studies from Asia · Study region: Asia Correlation Between Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy and Dental Caries in Children: A Systematic Review and… (2021) | OR 1.84 [1.39, 2.45] | 2 studies | Ungraded |
Maternal smoking during pregnancy vs No maternal smoking during pregnancy Dental caries · Children Correlation Between Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy and Dental Caries in Children: A Systematic Review and… (2021) | OR 1.57 [1.47, 1.67] | 6 studies | Ungraded |
Maternal smoking during pregnancy vs No maternal smoking during pregnancy Dental caries · Children · Study region: Asia Correlation Between Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy and Dental Caries in Children: A Systematic Review and… (2021) | OR 1.84 [1.39, 2.45] | 2 studies | Ungraded |
Maternal smoking during pregnancy vs No maternal smoking during pregnancy Childhood dental caries · Children in cross-sectional studies · Overall Correlation Between Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy and Dental Caries in Children: A Systematic Review and… (2021) | OR 1.57 [1.47, 1.67] | 6 studies | Ungraded |
Maternal smoking during pregnancy vs No maternal smoking during pregnancy Dental caries · Children Correlation Between Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy and Dental Caries in Children: A Systematic Review and… (2021) | RR 1.26 [1.07, 1.48] | 3 studies | Ungraded |
Maternal smoking during pregnancy vs No maternal smoking during pregnancy Childhood dental caries · Children in cross-sectional studies · Sensitivity: excluded Tanaka et al. 2009 Correlation Between Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy and Dental Caries in Children: A Systematic Review and… (2021) | OR 1.56 [1.46, 1.66] | 5 studies | Ungraded |
Maternal smoking during pregnancy vs No maternal smoking during pregnancy Dental caries · Children · Caries assessment: visual examination Correlation Between Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy and Dental Caries in Children: A Systematic Review and… (2021) | OR 1.84 [1.39, 2.45] | 2 studies | Ungraded |
Maternal smoking during pregnancy vs No maternal smoking during pregnancy Childhood dental caries · Children in cross-sectional studies · Sensitivity: excluded Borowska-Struginska et al. 2016 Correlation Between Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy and Dental Caries in Children: A Systematic Review and… (2021) | OR 1.57 [1.47, 1.68] | 5 studies | Ungraded |
Low birth weight (<2500 g) vs Normal birth weight (2500 g or more) Early childhood caries (ECC) · Children aged 6 years or younger (preschool children) · Adjusted OR Relationship between preterm, low birth weight and early childhood caries: a meta-analysis of the… (2020) | OR 1.05 [0.71, 1.57] | 2 studies | Ungraded |
Low birth weight (<2500 g) vs Normal birth weight (2500 g or more) Early childhood caries (ECC) · Children aged 6 years or younger (preschool children) · Children aged 3 years or younger Relationship between preterm, low birth weight and early childhood caries: a meta-analysis of the… (2020) | OR 0.78 [0.24, 2.51] | 3 studies | Ungraded |
Low birth weight (<2500 g) vs Normal birth weight (2500 g or more) Early childhood caries (ECC) · Children aged 6 years or younger (preschool children) · Overall (crude OR) Relationship between preterm, low birth weight and early childhood caries: a meta-analysis of the… (2020) | OR 1.12 [0.94, 1.33] | 15 studies | Ungraded |
Prenatal passive tobacco exposure (maternal smoking during pregnancy / in the womb) vs No passive tobacco exposure (non-exposed children) Dental caries in permanent dentition (presence) · Children and adolescents (permanent dentition) · Prenatal exposure; permanent dentition Association between passive tobacco exposure and caries in children and adolescents. A systematic review and… (2018) | no estimate extracted | 0 studies | No studies |
Passive tobacco exposure (prenatal maternal smoking or postnatal secondhand/household smoke) vs No passive tobacco exposure (non-exposed children) Dental caries (presence; primary or permanent dentition) · Children and adolescents (aged 0 to 19 years) Association between passive tobacco exposure and caries in children and adolescents. A systematic review and… (2018) | OR 1.528 [1.394, 1.676] | 21 studies | Ungraded |
Prenatal passive tobacco exposure (maternal smoking during pregnancy / in the womb) vs No passive tobacco exposure (non-exposed children) Dental caries in primary dentition (presence) · Children (primary dentition) · Prenatal exposure; primary dentition Association between passive tobacco exposure and caries in children and adolescents. A systematic review and… (2018) | OR 1.463 [1.405, 1.523] | 4 studies | Ungraded |