Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

2,252 questions · 2,353 findings · 210 reviews · Neonatal

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No studies found 432 · 18.4%GRADE not reported 99 · 4.2%Very low 609 · 25.9%Low 737 · 31.3%Moderate 385 · 16.4%High 91 · 3.9%

Inositol supplementation IV initially followed by enteral administration (repeat doses of 80 mg/kg/day) in preterm infants born at less than 30 weeks' PMA vs placebo

Type 1 ROP including adjudicated ROP outcome · preterm infants with or at risk of respiratory distress syndrome

Inositol supplementation IV initially followed by enteral… showed no clear difference in type 1 ROP including adjudicated ROP outcome compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Inositol in preterm infants at risk for or having respiratory distress syndrome 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.24 [0.82, 1.86]
2 studies · 605 participants
Moderate

Inositol supplementation IV initially followed by enteral administration (repeat doses of 80 mg/kg/day) in preterm infants born at less than 30 weeks' PMA vs placebo

All‐cause mortality (outcome collected through first event: death, hospital discharge, hospital transfer, or 120 days after birth) · preterm infants with or at risk of respiratory distress syndrome

Inositol supplementation IV initially followed by enteral… showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality (outcome collected through first event: death,… compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Inositol in preterm infants at risk for or having respiratory distress syndrome 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.35 [0.91, 2]
2 studies · 701 participants
Moderate

Formula vs donor breast milk

Rate of weight gain (g/kg/day) · preterm or low birth weight infants

1 finding from 1 review

Formula versus donor breast milk for feeding preterm or low birth weight infants 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
9 studies · 1028 participants
Moderate

Formula vs donor breast milk

Linear growth (cm/week) · preterm or low birth weight infants

1 finding from 1 review

Formula versus donor breast milk for feeding preterm or low birth weight infants 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
8 studies · 820 participants
Moderate

Formula vs donor breast milk

Growth velocity, head circumference, mm/d, end of intervention · preterm or low birth weight infants

1 finding from 1 review

Formula versus donor breast milk for feeding preterm or low birth weight infants 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
8 studies · 894 participants
Moderate

Formula vs donor breast milk

Neurodevelopmental disability · preterm or low birth weight infants

Formula showed no clear difference in neurodevelopmental disability compared with donor breast milk (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Formula versus donor breast milk for feeding preterm or low birth weight infants 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.21 [0.62, 2.35]
2 studies · 400 participants
Moderate

Formula vs donor breast milk

All‐cause mortality · preterm or low birth weight infants

Formula showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality compared with donor breast milk (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Formula versus donor breast milk for feeding preterm or low birth weight infants 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.1 [0.8, 1.5]
7 studies · 1527 participants
Moderate

Formula vs donor breast milk

Necrotising enterocolitis · preterm or low birth weight infants

Formula probably leads to higher necrotising enterocolitis compared with donor breast milk (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Formula versus donor breast milk for feeding preterm or low birth weight infants 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.87 [1.23, 2.85]
9 studies · 1675 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Weight gain (g/kg/d) · preterm infants

1 finding from 1 review

Nutrient‐enriched formula versus standard formula for preterm infants 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
6 studies · 440 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Length gain (mm/week) · preterm infants

1 finding from 1 review

Nutrient‐enriched formula versus standard formula for preterm infants 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
5 studies · 386 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Head circumference gain (mm/week) · preterm infants

1 finding from 1 review

Nutrient‐enriched formula versus standard formula for preterm infants 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
5 studies · 399 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Mental Development Index (MDI) at 18 months · preterm infants

1 finding from 1 review

Nutrient‐enriched formula versus standard formula for preterm infants 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 310 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Psychomotor Development Index (PDI) at 18 months · preterm infants

1 finding from 1 review

Nutrient‐enriched formula versus standard formula for preterm infants 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 310 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Necrotising enterocolitis · preterm infants

The intervention showed no clear difference in necrotising enterocolitis (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Nutrient‐enriched formula versus standard formula for preterm infants 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.72 [0.41, 1.25]
3 studies · 489 participants
Low

Oxygen‐guided lung‐recruitment maneuver vs usual care

Death at hospital discharge · preterm infants < 37 weeks' gestational age requiring conventional mechanical ventilation for respiratory distress syndrome

Oxygen‐guided lung‐recruitment maneuver showed no clear difference in mortality by hospital discharge compared with routine care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Positive end‐expiratory pressure for preterm infants requiring conventional mechanical ventilation for respiratory… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1 [0.17, 5.77]
2 studies · 44 participants
Low

Oxygen‐guided lung‐recruitment maneuver vs usual care

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia · preterm infants < 37 weeks' gestational age requiring conventional mechanical ventilation for respiratory distress syndrome

Oxygen‐guided lung‐recruitment maneuver showed no clear difference in bronchopulmonary dysplasia compared with routine care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Positive end‐expiratory pressure for preterm infants requiring conventional mechanical ventilation for respiratory… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.25 [0.03, 2.07]
2 studies · 44 participants
Low

Oxygen‐guided lung‐recruitment maneuver vs usual care

Duration of invasive ventilatory support · preterm infants < 37 weeks' gestational age requiring conventional mechanical ventilation for respiratory distress syndrome

1 finding from 1 review

Positive end‐expiratory pressure for preterm infants requiring conventional mechanical ventilation for respiratory… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 44 participants
Low

Iodine supplementation vs control

Mortality before hospital discharge

Iodine supplementation showed no clear difference in mortality before hospital discharge compared with control (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Iodine supplementation for the prevention of mortality and adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes in preterm infants 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.01 [0.72, 1.42]
2 studies · 1380 participants
High

Iodine supplementation vs control

Bayley‐III Cognitive composite score at 2 years of age corrected for prematurity

1 finding from 1 review

Iodine supplementation for the prevention of mortality and adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes in preterm infants 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 1259 participants
High

Iodine supplementation vs control

Bayley‐III Motor composite score at 2 years of age corrected for prematurity

1 finding from 1 review

Iodine supplementation for the prevention of mortality and adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes in preterm infants 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 1259 participants
High