Gingival bleeding (various bleeding indices) · Children and/or adolescents (<18 years) without background systemic disease
Only one trial (Borrell 2021) reported the bleeding index, showing slightly more bleeding with probiotics (MD 0.10, 95%CI 0.02 to 0.18); not pooled or GRADE-rated.
1 finding from 1 review
Frequency of joint noise · People with temporomandibular disorders (TMD)
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
TNF-α level · Children and young adults (3-25 years)
Salivary TNF-α levels are significantly higher in children and young adults with active dental caries than in caries-free or mild-caries controls (SMD 14.81 pg/mL, 95% CI 4.76 to 24.86; 7 studies); ungraded.
1 finding from 1 review
Patient discomfort · People with temporomandibular disorders (TMD)
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
Early childhood caries (ECC) · Preschool children ≤6 years, North America
In North America, 25(OH)D 50–75 nmol/l (vs ≥75) was associated with higher odds of ECC (OR 2.09; ungraded).
1 finding from 1 review
Overall success (composite of clinical and radiographic success) · Permanent teeth with carious pulp exposure
MTA and calcium-enriched mixture had comparable pulpotomy success (ungraded).
1 finding from 1 review
Bacterial adhesion or initial colonization · Streptococcus mutans (in vitro cultures and biofilms)
No meta-analysis was conducted; three included studies reported reduced adhesion or initial colonization with cranberry extract or fractions.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
3 studies
GRADE not reported
Caries experience (mean DMFT) · Brazilian children/adolescents in permanent dentition (BMI classified by CDC 2000 growth charts)
Normal-weight adolescents may have higher caries experience (DMFT) than obese peers in the permanent dentition, but the evidence is very uncertain (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Difficulty in swallowing (participant-reported proxy) · People of any age with a confirmed diagnosis, by clinical examination and biopsy, of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF)
Antioxidants (lycopene, curcumin, Oxitard) led to lower difficulty in swallowing (participant-reported proxy) compared with placebo or no active treatment; GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
Self-reported joint pain when chewing · People with temporomandibular disorders (TMD)
It is very uncertain whether occlusal splint changes self-reported joint pain when chewing compared with no treatment or placebo (non-occlusal or transparent-foil placebo… (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Alignment rate · People receiving orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances (upper and/or lower full arch)
1 finding from 1 review
Bacterial adhesion (inhibition) · Streptococcus mutans (in vitro cultures and biofilms)
Cranberry extract inhibits S. mutans adhesion / initial colonization in vitro (3 studies; ungraded).
1 finding from 1 review
High salivary S. mutans (over 10^4 CFU/ml) · adults
Salivary S. mutans showed a non-significant declining trend with periodontitis (OR 0.82).
1 finding from 1 review
OR 0.82 [0.44, 1.51]
2 studies
GRADE not reported
Wits appraisal · Children and adolescents (aged 16 years or younger) with prominent lower front teeth (Class III malocclusion)
Chin cup led to higher wits appraisal compared with untreated control (no treatment); GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
ANB · Children and adolescents (aged 16 years or younger) with prominent lower front teeth (Class III malocclusion)
Nanda facemask led to higher ANB compared with conventional facemask; GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Overall success (composite of clinical and radiographic success)
1 finding from 1 review
Oral health practices · Adult residents of slums and non-slum urban settings of LMICs
Toothbrush and toothpaste use was common, but lower in disadvantaged or slum populations where compared.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
11 studies
GRADE not reported
Alignment rate · People receiving orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances (upper and/or lower full arch)
1 finding from 1 review
High salivary S. mutans (over 10^4 CFU/ml) · Periodontitis patients
High-level S. mutans did not change significantly after periodontal therapy (OR 1.54).
1 finding from 1 review
Fluorosis (percentage prevalence in permanent teeth) · Children exposed to topical fluoride when under 6 years old; fluorosis assessed in permanent teeth at 6 to 18 years
Fluoride toothpaste 440 ppm (lower concentration) probably leads to lower fluorosis (percentage prevalence in permanent teeth) compared with fluoride toothpaste 1450 ppm (higher concentration) (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review