Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

2,252 questions · 2,353 findings · 210 reviews · Neonatal

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No studies found 432 · 18.4%GRADE not reported 99 · 4.2%Very low 609 · 25.9%Low 737 · 31.3%Moderate 385 · 16.4%High 91 · 3.9%

High MCT formula vs low MCT formula

Long‐term growth outcomes · promoting short‐term growth of preterm infants

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

High versus low medium chain triglyceride content of formula for promoting short‐term growth of preterm infants 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention not reported

Time taken to establish full gavage feeding (days) · intermittent bolus gavage tube feeding of preterm and low birth weight infants

1 finding from 1 review

Push versus gravity for intermittent bolus gavage tube feeding of preterm and low birth weight infants 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 participants
GRADE not reported

Intervention not reported

Feeding intolerance (number of episodes per day) · intermittent bolus gavage tube feeding of preterm and low birth weight infants

1 finding from 1 review

Push versus gravity for intermittent bolus gavage tube feeding of preterm and low birth weight infants 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 participants
GRADE not reported

Intervention not reported

Respiratory rate (breaths per minute) at completion of feed · intermittent bolus gavage tube feeding of preterm and low birth weight infants

1 finding from 1 review

Push versus gravity for intermittent bolus gavage tube feeding of preterm and low birth weight infants 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 31 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

Respiratory rate (breaths per minute) · intermittent bolus gavage tube feeding of preterm and low birth weight infants

1 finding from 1 review

Push versus gravity for intermittent bolus gavage tube feeding of preterm and low birth weight infants 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 31 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

Heart rate (beats per minute) at completion of feed · intermittent bolus gavage tube feeding of preterm and low birth weight infants

1 finding from 1 review

Push versus gravity for intermittent bolus gavage tube feeding of preterm and low birth weight infants 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 31 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

Heart rate (beats per minute) · intermittent bolus gavage tube feeding of preterm and low birth weight infants

1 finding from 1 review

Push versus gravity for intermittent bolus gavage tube feeding of preterm and low birth weight infants 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 31 participants
Very low

Breast feeding with supplemental feeds by other than bottle vs breast feeding with supplemental feeds by bottle (all trials)

Full breastfeeding compared with not breastfeeding or partial breastfeeding · preterm infants

Breastfeeding with supplemental feeds by other than bottle may leads to higher full breastfeeding compared with not breastfeeding or partial… compared with breastfeeding with supplemental feeds by bottle (all trials) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Avoidance of bottles during the establishment of breastfeeds in preterm infants 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.47 [1.19, 1.8]
6 studies · 1074 participants
Low

Breast feeding with supplemental feeds by other than bottle vs breast feeding with supplemental feeds by bottle (all trials)

Any breastfeeding (full and partial combined) compared with not breastfeeding · preterm infants

Breastfeeding with supplemental feeds by other than bottle probably leads to higher any breastfeeding (full and partial combined) compared with not… compared with breastfeeding with supplemental feeds by bottle (all trials) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Avoidance of bottles during the establishment of breastfeeds in preterm infants 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.11 [1.06, 1.16]
6 studies · 1138 participants
Moderate

Breast feeding with supplemental feeds by other than bottle vs breast feeding with supplemental feeds by bottle (all trials)

Length of hospital stay · preterm infants

1 finding from 1 review

Avoidance of bottles during the establishment of breastfeeds in preterm infants 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 1004 participants
Low

Breast feeding with supplemental feeds by other than bottle vs breast feeding with supplemental feeds by bottle (all trials)

Episodes of infection · preterm infants

Breastfeeding with supplemental feeds by other than bottle showed no clear difference in episodes of infection per infant compared with breastfeeding with supplemental feeds by bottle (all trials) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Avoidance of bottles during the establishment of breastfeeds in preterm infants 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.7 [0.35, 1.42]
3 studies · 500 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Mortality by hospital discharge · preterm infants less than 30 weeks' gestational age requiring conventional mechanical ventilation for respiratory distress syndrome

The intervention showed no clear difference in mortality by hospital discharge (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Lung recruitment manoeuvres for reducing mortality and respiratory morbidity in mechanically ventilated neonates 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1 [0.17, 5.77]
2 studies · 44 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia · preterm infants less than 30 weeks' gestational age requiring conventional mechanical ventilation for respiratory distress syndrome

The intervention showed no clear difference in incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Lung recruitment manoeuvres for reducing mortality and respiratory morbidity in mechanically ventilated neonates 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.25 [0.03, 2.07]
2 studies · 44 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Duration of supplemental oxygen (days) · preterm infants less than 30 weeks' gestational age requiring conventional mechanical ventilation for respiratory distress syndrome

1 finding from 1 review

Lung recruitment manoeuvres for reducing mortality and respiratory morbidity in mechanically ventilated neonates 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 44 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

Duration of ventilatory support (days) · preterm infants less than 30 weeks' gestational age requiring conventional mechanical ventilation for respiratory distress syndrome

1 finding from 1 review

Lung recruitment manoeuvres for reducing mortality and respiratory morbidity in mechanically ventilated neonates 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 44 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

Duration of continuous positive airway pressure therapy (hours or days) · preterm infants less than 30 weeks' gestational age requiring conventional mechanical ventilation for respiratory distress syndrome

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Lung recruitment manoeuvres for reducing mortality and respiratory morbidity in mechanically ventilated neonates 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention not reported

Duration of neonatal intensive care unit stay (hours or days) · preterm infants less than 30 weeks' gestational age requiring conventional mechanical ventilation for respiratory distress syndrome

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Lung recruitment manoeuvres for reducing mortality and respiratory morbidity in mechanically ventilated neonates 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention not reported

Duration of hospital stay (days) · preterm infants less than 30 weeks' gestational age requiring conventional mechanical ventilation for respiratory distress syndrome

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Lung recruitment manoeuvres for reducing mortality and respiratory morbidity in mechanically ventilated neonates 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Restricted vs standard fluid management

Duration of oxygen therapy (hours) · late preterm and full‐term infants with transient tachypnea of the newborn

1 finding from 1 review

Fluid restriction in the management of transient tachypnea of the newborn 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 172 participants
Very low

Restricted vs standard fluid management

Incidence of hypernatremia (serum sodium > 145 mEq/L) at end of intervention period (proportions) · late preterm and full‐term infants with transient tachypnea of the newborn

It is very uncertain whether restricted changes incidence of hypernatremia (serum sodium > 145 mEq/L) at end of… compared with standard fluid management (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Fluid restriction in the management of transient tachypnea of the newborn 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 4 [0.46, 34.54]
1 study · 100 participants
Very low