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What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

671 questions · 731 findings · 61 reviews · Drugs and Alcohol

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No studies found 57 · 7.8%GRADE not reported 39 · 5.3%Very low 186 · 25.4%Low 239 · 32.7%Moderate 171 · 23.4%High 39 · 5.3%

Baclofen vs placebo

Frequency of use % of heavy drinking days at the end of treatment · alcohol use disorder
1 finding from 1 review

Baclofen vs placebo

Adverse events: number of participants with ≥ 1 adverse event at end of treatment · alcohol use disorder

Summary of findings table ‐ Baclofen showed no clear difference in adverse events: number of participants with ≥ 1 adverse event at end… compared with placebo (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Baclofen vs placebo

Dropout · alcohol use disorder

Summary of findings table ‐ Baclofen showed no clear difference in dropouts at end of treatment compared with placebo (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Baclofen vs placebo

Dropouts due to adverse events · alcohol use disorder

Summary of findings table ‐ Baclofen showed no clear difference in dropouts due to adverse events compared with placebo (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Baclofen vs acamprosate

Relapse: return to any drinking at end of treatment · alcohol use disorder

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Baclofen changes relapse: return to any drinking at end of treatment compared with acamprosate (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Baclofen vs acamprosate

Adverse events as N of participants with at least one adverse event subjective and objective · alcohol use disorder

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Baclofen changes adverse events: number of participants with at least one adverse… compared with acamprosate (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Brief intervention vs brief advice, information, or assessment only

Harmful alcohol use · people with hazardous or harmful alcohol consumption
2 findings from 1 review

Any Psychosocial intervention plus pharm vs psychosocial interventions

Harmful alcohol use · alcohol use disorder
2 findings from 1 review

Any Psychosocial intervention plus pharm vs psychosocial interventions

Retention [ · alcohol use disorder

Pharmacologic intervention along with psychosocial intervention showed no clear difference in retention compared with psychosocial intervention alone (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacologic intervention vs another pharmacologic intervention

Harmful alcohol use ‐ not measured · alcohol use disorder

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

2 findings from 1 review

Pharmacologic intervention vs another pharmacologic intervention

Retention [ · alcohol use disorder

Pharmacologic intervention showed no clear difference in retention compared with another pharmacologic intervention (low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Full opioid agonists vs different full opioid agonists or partial opioid agonists (methadone versus buprenorphine)

Illicit opioid use · pharmaceutical opioid dependent people

Full opioid agonists showed no clear difference in illicit opioid use compared with different full opioid agonists or partial opioid agonists (methadone… (moderate certainty).

3 findings from 1 review

Full or partial opioid agonist maintenance vs placebo, detoxification only or psychological treatment (buprenorphine maintenance compared to taper or treatment

Adverse events · pharmaceutical opioid dependent people

It is very uncertain whether full or partial opioid agonist maintenance changes adverse events compared with placebo, detoxification only or psychological treatment… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review