The review found no eligible studies for this question.
Tapered methadone showed no clear difference in completion of treatment Objective compared with any other treatment (high certainty).
Tapered methadone showed no clear difference in number of participants abstinent at compared with any other treatment (high certainty).
It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes sustained abstinence Negative urinalyses for at least 3 consecutive… (very low certainty).
The intervention showed no clear difference in retention to treatment Number of participants who competed treatment (low certainty).
naltrexone showed no clear difference in retention and abstinence, all patients compared with placebo or no pharmacological treatments; GRADE not reported.
naltrexone showed no clear difference in abstinence at compared with placebo or no pharmacological treatments; GRADE not reported.
naltrexone showed no clear difference in side effects compared with placebo or no pharmacological treatments; GRADE not reported.
Antidepressants showed no clear difference in dropout ‐ Dropouts: excluding studies with high risk of bias objective compared with placebo according to any definition (moderate certainty).
Antidepressants showed no clear difference in abstinence, for at least three consecutive weeks objective compared with placebo according to any definition (high certainty).
Antidepressants showed no clear difference in adverse events ‐ Withdrawn due to adverse events compared with placebo according to any definition (moderate certainty).
Any Psychosocial intervention plus pharm showed no clear difference in retention in treatment Objective compared with pharm standard (high certainty).
Any Psychosocial intervention plus pharm showed no clear difference in opioid abstinence objective compared with pharm standard (high certainty).
Any Psychosocial intervention plus pharm showed no clear difference in number of participants still in treatment at the end of compared with pharm standard (high certainty).
Any Psychosocial intervention plus pharm showed no clear difference in number of participants abstinent at the end of compared with pharm standard (high certainty).
Any Psychosocial plus any Pharmacological probably leads to lower dropouts ‐ All studies objective compared with any Pharmachological alone compared to (moderate certainty).