Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

3,556 questions · 10,375 findings · 429 reviews · All outcomes

No studies found 1,344 · 13%GRADE not reported 6,832 · 65.9%Very low 1,228 · 11.8%Low 613 · 5.9%Moderate 290 · 2.8%High 68 · 0.7%

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Tooth wear assessment (primary teeth) vs None (descriptive prevalence review; subgroup analyses by urban/rural status, country and year)

Tooth wear prevalence · School children (primary dentition) in the United Arab Emirates (Abu Dhabi)

One study reported a very high prevalence of tooth wear (97.6%) in the primary dentition of school children in Abu Dhabi, associated with older age, mouth breathing and anterior deep bite (narrative synthesis; not GRADE-rated).

1 finding from 1 review

Vibrational appliance with fixed appliances vs Fixed appliances

Time to alignment · Children or adolescents (aged 16 years old or under) receiving orthodontic treatment to prevent or correct crowded teeth

Vibrational appliance with fixed appliances showed no clear difference in time to alignment (days) compared with fixed appliances only / no vibrational appliance (control); GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

ARP with demineralised bone matrix, single particle size vs ARP with demineralised bone matrix, multiple particle size

Implant failure rate · Adults aged 18 years or older, in good general health (including well-controlled systemic disease), requiring extraction of one or more…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Fluoride concentration relative to the acceptable range (electrometric ion-selective electrode measurement; acceptable range mostly 0.6-0.8 ppmF) vs None (descriptive proportion meta-analysis)

Water samples with fluoride concentration outside the acceptable range · Artificially fluoridated public water supply in Brazilian cities (water samples under external control)

In Brazilian cities using external control, more than half of artificially fluoridated public water supply samples (pooled 56.6%, 95% CI 45.5 to 67.3) had fluoride concentrations outside the acceptable range, with very high heterogeneity (I2=99.5%); ungraded.

3 findings from 1 review

Sealant or coating agent (with or without fluoride release) applied to teeth with fixed appliances vs No sealant (control/no treatment)

White spot lesions assessed by laser fluorescence (DIAGNOdent) · Patients of any age (11-40 years) receiving comprehensive/fixed orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances

White spot lesions were also measured by laser fluorescence in 3 sealant-vs-no-sealant studies, but no meta-analysis was possible due to incompatible reporting.

1 finding from 1 review

Digital radiographs vs Reference standard (histology, excavation, or enhanced visual examination)

Sensitivity for detection and diagnosis of early (enamel) caries · Asymptomatic children, adolescents, or adults presenting for clinical examination (in vivo studies), or extracted teeth of children or…
1 finding from 1 review

CO2 laser (carbon dioxide) vs Placebo (placebo laser or placebo agent) or no treatment

Outcome not reported · Patients aged above 12 years with self-reported tooth hypersensitivity confirmed on clinical evaluation

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review
  • Laser therapy for dentinal hypersensitivity 2021 · Cochrane All outcomes
    We did not find any eligible study to evaluate erbium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Er:YAG) or carbon dioxide (CO2) laser compared with placebo/no treatment.
    0 studies
    No studies found

Compomer (polyacid-modified composite, fluoride-releasing) for bonding brackets vs Compomer bonding agent without fluoride release

Initiation of white spot lesions (WSL), visual-tactile assessment · People receiving orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances (upper and/or lower full arch)

Fluoride-releasing compomer bonding agent did not show a statistically significant reduction in new white spot lesions versus non-fluoride compomer bonding agent (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Haas expander anchored on deciduous second molars vs Haas expander anchored on permanent first molars

Molar expansion · Children and adults with a posterior crossbite, without a Class III skeletal relationship, cleft lip or palate (or both), or other…
1 finding from 1 review

Hyrax with conventional expansion screw vs Hyrax with NiTi memory expansion screw

Molar expansion · Children and adults with a posterior crossbite, without a Class III skeletal relationship, cleft lip or palate (or both), or other…
1 finding from 1 review
  • Orthodontic treatment for posterior crossbites 2021 · Cochrane All outcomes
    after 6-month retention period
    Halicioglu 2014: conventional Hyrax 8.41 (SD 2.09) mm vs NiTi Hyrax 8.94 (SD 1.73) mm; no statistically significant differences for any outcome
    1 study
    GRADE not reported

Non-selective carious tissue removal and conventional restoration (CR) vs Selective carious tissue removal (selective excavation, SE)

Lesion progression · Children and/or adults with permanent or primary teeth, vital (sensitive) pulps, and cavitated or dentine carious lesions conventionally…
1 finding from 1 review

Clear aligners (Invisalign / thermoformed aligners) vs Fixed appliances

S. mutans presence · Adolescents/teenagers undergoing orthodontic treatment

A single study found no significant difference in S. mutans presence between aligners and fixed appliances in adolescents at 1 month (RR 0.86, 95% CI 0.64 to 1.14; ungraded).

1 finding from 1 review

Gum chewing (sugar-free) vs Pooled controls: no gum, placebo/control gum, probiotic, or fluoride varnish

Streptococcus mutans load in the oral cavity (saliva and/or dental plaque) · Adults and children (general population)

In a sensitivity analysis assuming a 0.95 baseline-to-endpoint correlation for the sugar-free gum arm, the effect remained significant (SMD -0.55, 95% CI -0.80 to -0.30; 13 trials, I2 73%); certainty not formally graded.

2 findings from 1 review

Fluorescence-based devices vs Visual classification

Difference in sensitivity · Asymptomatic children or adults suspected of enamel caries (clinical studies); extracted teeth (in vitro studies)

Fluorescence and visual classification had similar sensitivity in the fully within-person analysis.

1 finding from 1 review

Radiographic imaging methods (any: analogue radiographs, digital radiographs, or CBCT) vs Reference standard (histology, excavation, or enhanced visual examination)

Diagnostic accuracy on surfaces with pit and fissure sealants · Asymptomatic children, adolescents, or adults presenting for clinical examination (in vivo studies), or extracted teeth of children or…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review
  • Imaging modalities to inform the detection and diagnosis of early caries 2021 · Cochrane All outcomes
    Up to 3 months between index test and reference standard (in vivo studies) · Pit and fissure sealants
    Pre-specified heterogeneity investigation of surfaces with pit and fissure sealants: no study reported the inclusion of sealants that would allow evaluation of early caries lesions.
    0 studies
    No studies found