Fluoride concentration relative to the acceptable range (electrometric ion-selective electrode measurement; acceptable range mostly 0.6-0.8 ppmF) vs None (descriptive proportion meta-analysis): Water samples with fluoride concentration outside the acceptable range
In Brazilian cities using external control, more than half of artificially fluoridated public water supply samples (pooled 56.6%, 95% CI 45.5 to 67.3) had fluoride concentrations outside the acceptable range, with very high heterogeneity (I2=99.5%); ungraded.
What each review found
Include earlier review versions| Finding | Effect | Studies | GRADE certainty |
|---|---|---|---|
Fluoride concentration relative to the acceptable range (electrometric ion-selective electrode measurement; acceptable range mostly 0.6-0.8 ppmF) vs None (descriptive proportion meta-analysis) Water samples with fluoride concentration outside the acceptable range · Artificially fluoridated public water supply in Brazilian cities (water samples under external control) · Public water supply / water treatment stations in Brazilian cities (external control of artificial fluoridation) In Brazilian cities using external control, more than half of artificially fluoridated public water supply samples (pooled 56.6%, 95% CI 45.5 to 67.3) had fluoride concentrations outside the acceptable range, with very high heterogeneity (I2=99.5%); ungraded. External control of fluoridation in the public water supplies of Brazilian cities as a strategy against… (2021) All outcomes | Prevalence 56.6 [45.5, 67.3] | 12 studies | GRADE not reported |
Fluoride concentration relative to the acceptable range (electrometric ion-selective electrode measurement; acceptable range mostly 0.6-0.8 ppmF) vs None (descriptive proportion meta-analysis) Water samples with fluoride concentration outside the acceptable range · Artificially fluoridated public water supply in Brazilian cities (water samples under external control) · Public water supply / water treatment stations in Brazilian cities (external control of artificial fluoridation), Region: Southeast Brazil In the Southeast Brazilian region, a pooled 42.4% (95% CI 30.9 to 54.4) of water samples had fluoride outside the acceptable range; ungraded. External control of fluoridation in the public water supplies of Brazilian cities as a strategy against… (2021) All outcomes | Prevalence 42.4 [30.9, 54.4] | Not reported | GRADE not reported |
Fluoride concentration relative to the acceptable range (electrometric ion-selective electrode measurement; acceptable range mostly 0.6-0.8 ppmF) vs None (descriptive proportion meta-analysis) Water samples with fluoride concentration outside the acceptable range · Artificially fluoridated public water supply in Brazilian cities (water samples under external control) · Public water supply / water treatment stations in Brazilian cities (external control of artificial fluoridation), Region: Northeast Brazil In the Northeast Brazilian region, a pooled 81.1% (95% CI 65.3 to 92.9) of water samples had fluoride outside the acceptable range; ungraded. External control of fluoridation in the public water supplies of Brazilian cities as a strategy against… (2021) All outcomes | Prevalence 81.1 [65.3, 92.9] | Not reported | GRADE not reported |
Findings are shown side by side, never pooled across reviews.
The reviews
| Review | Searched up to | Included studies | AMSTAR 2 |
|---|---|---|---|
| External control of fluoridation in the public water supplies of Brazilian cities as a strategy against caries: a systematic review and… 2021 All outcomes | Until 10 August 2020 | 20 | Not applicable |
Studies behind the findings
None of these reviews ties its included studies to this outcome in the data here. Cochrane reviews and reviews with headline outcomes only do not list their studies yet.
How reviews are matched to this question
Reviews word the same question differently. Four decision models (TypeSafe's Jev, Liquid AI's d1-ultra, SubQ Snap and Baseten's Elephant) judged each wording of the population, intervention, comparator and outcome against the others; two wordings count as the same when at least three of them agree and none clearly disagrees, and findings count as this question only when all four elements match. Timing, setting and subgroup never split a question: they are shown on each finding.