Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

33 questions · 34 findings · 17 reviews

No studies found 3 · 8.8%GRADE not reported 3 · 8.8%Very low 14 · 41.2%Low 8 · 23.5%Moderate 4 · 11.8%High 2 · 5.9%

Summary of findings table ‐ Rifaximin plus non‐absorbable disaccharides vs non‐absorbable disaccharide

Non‐serious adverse events ‐ total number of participants · prevention and treatment of hepatic encephalopathy in people with cirrhosis

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Rifaximin plus non‐absorbable… changes non‐serious adverse events ‐ total number of participants compared with non‐absorbable disaccharides alone (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Rifaximin vs placebo or no intervention

Non‐serious adverse events ‐ total number of particiapnts · prevention and treatment of hepatic encephalopathy in people with cirrhosis

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Rifaximin changes non‐serious adverse events ‐ total number of particiapnts compared with placebo/no intervention (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Muscle relaxant vs control

Total Number of Adverse Events ‐ only studies >24hrs duration · patients with pain management in rheumatoid arthritis

It is very uncertain whether muscle relaxant changes total Number of Adverse Events ‐ only studies >24hrs duration compared with control (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Total number of adverse events (withdrawals due to lack of effect)c · patients with varus medial osteoarthritis of the knee

The intervention showed no clear difference in total number of adverse events (withdrawals due to lack of effect)c (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Omega‐3 fatty acids and antioxidants vs standard diet or placebo

Study author‐reported adverse events · adults (aged 18 years or older), mechanically ventilated participants with ARDS as defined by the Berlin definition of ARDS or, for older…

It is very uncertain whether omega‐3 fatty acids and antioxidants changes total number of adverse events (study author reported anytime during… compared with placebo or standard nutrition (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Preoperative education vs usual care

Total number of serious adverse events (infection, thrombosis, other serious adverse events · patients with knee replacement surgery

Preoperative education showed no clear difference in total number of serious adverse events (infection, thrombosis, other… compared with usual care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Preoperative education vs usual care

Total number of serious adverse events (infection, thrombosis, other serious adverse events · hip replacement

It is very uncertain whether preoperative education changes total number of serious adverse events (infection, thrombosis, other… compared with usual care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Benzoyl peroxide vs salicylic acid

Adverse effect/event: 2. Adverse effects ‐ any ‐ medium‐termonly · participants with acne

It is very uncertain whether benzoyl peroxide changes total number of participants with any adverse events (medium‐term… compared with salicylic acid (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Benzoyl peroxide vs placebo or no treatment

Total number of participants with any adverse events (long‐term data) Treatment duration: range 10 weeks to 12 weeks · participants with acne

It is very uncertain whether benzoyl peroxide changes total number of participants with any adverse events (long‐term… compared with placebo or no treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Benzoyl peroxide vs adapalene

Adverse event data · participants with acne

It is very uncertain whether benzoyl peroxide changes total number of participants with any adverse events (long‐term… compared with adapalene (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Benzoyl peroxide vs clindamycin

Total number of participants with any adverse events (long‐term data) Treatment duration: range 10 weeks to 12 weeks · participants with acne

Benzoyl peroxide showed no clear difference in total number of participants with any adverse events (long‐term… compared with clindamycin (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review