Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

120 questions · 121 findings · 63 reviews

No studies found 14 · 11.6%GRADE not reported 4 · 3.3%Very low 30 · 24.8%Low 46 · 38%Moderate 22 · 18.2%High 5 · 4.1%

Minimally invasive parathyroidectomy vs bilateral neck exploration

Adverse effects: perioperative complications (number of events)

Minimally invasive parathyroidectomy may leads to lower total incidence of perioperative adverse events (number) compared with bilateral neck exploration (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Rifaximin vs non‐absorbable disaccharide

Non‐serious adverse events ‐ total number of participants · prevention and treatment of hepatic encephalopathy in people with cirrhosis

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Rifaximin changes non‐serious adverse events ‐ total number of participants compared with non‐absorbable disaccharide (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Rifaximin plus non‐absorbable disaccharides vs non‐absorbable disaccharide

Non‐serious adverse events ‐ total number of participants · prevention and treatment of hepatic encephalopathy in people with cirrhosis

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Rifaximin plus non‐absorbable… changes non‐serious adverse events ‐ total number of participants compared with non‐absorbable disaccharides alone (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Rifaximin vs placebo or no intervention

Non‐serious adverse events ‐ total number of particiapnts · prevention and treatment of hepatic encephalopathy in people with cirrhosis

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Rifaximin changes non‐serious adverse events ‐ total number of particiapnts compared with placebo/no intervention (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Cannabinoids vs placebo

Adverse effects: 1. General ‐ overall number of events · diagnosis of dementia (dementia in Alzheimer’s disease, vascular dementia, or mixed dementia; any severity

Comparison: cannabinoids showed no clear difference in adverse events ‐ general ‐ total general adverse events ( compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Total Shoulder Arthroplasty vs hemiarthroplasty

Adverse Events‐Total (Intra‐operative and post‐operative) · patients with Shoulder osteoarthritis

Total Shoulder Arthroplasty showed no clear difference in adverse Events‐Total (Intra‐operative and post‐operative) compared with hemiarthroplasty (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Adverse events ‐ total of adverse events (Skin irritation) · patients with fractures of the middle third of the clavicle

The intervention showed no clear difference in adverse events ‐ total of adverse events (Skin irritation) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

TDC vs medical therapy

Secondary outcome:total serious adverse events at the end of · people with patent foramen ovale and a history of cryptogenic stroke or transient ischemic attack

TDC showed no clear difference in secondary outcome:total serious adverse events at the end of compared with medical therapy (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Muscle relaxant vs control

Total Number of Adverse Events ‐ only studies >24hrs duration · patients with pain management in rheumatoid arthritis

It is very uncertain whether muscle relaxant changes total Number of Adverse Events ‐ only studies >24hrs duration compared with control (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oestrogen ring vs other regimens

Adverse events (total adverse events) (oestrogen cream vs non‐hormonal lubricant gel) · postmenopausal women with vaginal atrophy

Oestrogen ring showed no clear difference in adverse events (total adverse events) (oestrogen ring vs placebo) compared with other regimens (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Total number of adverse events (withdrawals due to lack of effect)c · patients with varus medial osteoarthritis of the knee

The intervention showed no clear difference in total number of adverse events (withdrawals due to lack of effect)c (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oestrogen tablets vs other regimens

Adverse events (total adverse events) (oestrogen cream vs non‐hormonal lubricant gel) · postmenopausal women with vaginal atrophy

Oestrogen tablets showed no clear difference in adverse events (total adverse events) (oestrogen tablets vs placebo) compared with other regimens (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Cannabinoids vs placebo

Adverse events: psychological disorders · diagnosis of dementia (dementia in Alzheimer’s disease, vascular dementia, or mixed dementia; any severity

Comparison: cannabinoids showed no clear difference in adverse events ‐ psychiatric disorders ‐ total psychiatric disorders ( compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intensive insulin therapy vs conventional insulin therapy

Serious adverse events, ‐ in total population randomised ‐ hypoglycaemia · critically ill patients

Intensive insulin therapy leads to higher serious adverse events, ‐ in total population randomised ‐… compared with conventional insulin therapy (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oestrogen ring vs other regimens

Adverse events (total adverse events) (oestrogen ring vs oestrogen cream) · postmenopausal women with vaginal atrophy

Oestrogen ring showed no clear difference in adverse events (total adverse events) (oestrogen ring vs oestrogen… compared with other regimens (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Cannabinoids vs placebo

Adverse events ‐ nervous system disorders ‐ total nervous system disorders ( · diagnosis of dementia (dementia in Alzheimer’s disease, vascular dementia, or mixed dementia; any severity

Comparison: cannabinoids showed no clear difference in adverse events ‐ nervous system disorders ‐ total nervous system… compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review