What do systematic reviews say?

Iron chelator vs placebo

Iron chelator showed no clear difference in serious adverse events (SAE) compared with placebo (low certainty).

• Iron chelators for acute stroke 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.81 [0.57, 1.16]
  1 study · 291 participants
  Low

Metformin vs thiazolidinediones

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings of metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2… changes serious adverse events (SAE) compared with thiazolidinediones (very low certainty).

• Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.95 [0.84, 1.09]
  4 studies · 3208 participants
  Very low

Metformin vs dipeptidyl‐peptidase 4 inhibitors

• Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 1977 participants
  Very low

Metformin vs glucagon like peptide‐1 analogues

• Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 807 participants
  Very low

Metformin vs sulphonylureas

• Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 3081 participants
  Very low

Biofeedback vs hypnotherapy

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Biofeedback for treatment of irritable bowel syndrome 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Biofeedback vs counseling

• Biofeedback for treatment of irritable bowel syndrome 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 29 participants
  Low

Multi‐component psychological intervention (with biofeedback) vs no intervention

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Biofeedback for treatment of irritable bowel syndrome 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Multi‐component psychological intervention (with biofeedback) vs attention control

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Biofeedback for treatment of irritable bowel syndrome 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Biofeedback plus standard therapy vs usual care

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Biofeedback for treatment of irritable bowel syndrome 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Biofeedback vs relaxation training

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Biofeedback for treatment of irritable bowel syndrome 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Biofeedback plus standard therapy vs sham biofeedback plus standard therapy

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Biofeedback for treatment of irritable bowel syndrome 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

IVIg vs placebo

Intravenous immunoglobulin showed no clear difference in serious adverse events (SAE) compared with placebo (low certainty).

• Interventions for necrotizing soft tissue infections in adults 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.73 [0.32, 1.65]
  1 study · 100 participants
  Low

Moxifloxacin vs amoxicillin‐clavulanate

It is very uncertain whether moxifloxacin changes serious adverse events (SAE) compared with amoxicillin‐clavulanate (very low certainty).

• Interventions for necrotizing soft tissue infections in adults 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.63 [0.3, 1.31]
  1 study · 54 participants
  Very low

AB103 vs placebo

It is very uncertain whether AB103 changes serious adverse events (SAE) compared with placebo (very low certainty).

• Interventions for necrotizing soft tissue infections in adults 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.49 [0.52, 4.27]
  1 study · 43 participants
  Very low

Adverse event outcomes for dietary combined with physical activity interventions vs usual care

• Diet, physical activity or both for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 250 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• First‐line therapy for adults with advanced renal cell carcinoma: a systematic review and network meta‐analysis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Normothermic machine perfusion (NMP) vs static cold storage (SCS)

• Machine perfusion in liver transplantation 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 522 participants
  GRADE not reported

Discontinuing cholinesterase inhibitor vs continued cholinesterase inhibitor

Discontinuing cholinesterase inhibitor showed no clear difference in serious adverse events (SAEs) compared with continued cholinesterase inhibitor (low certainty).

• Withdrawal or continuation of cholinesterase inhibitors or memantine or both, in people with dementia 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.8 [0.46, 1.39]
  4 studies · 390 participants
  Low

Laparoscopic gastric bypass vs laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Surgery for weight loss in adults 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found