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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

1,337 questions · 1,354 findings · 566 reviews

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No studies found 307 · 22.7%GRADE not reported 81 · 6%Very low 424 · 31.3%Low 310 · 22.9%Moderate 189 · 14%High 43 · 3.2%

Shock wave lithotripsy vs ureteroscopy with holmium laser or pneumatic lithotripsy

Serious adverse events or complications of treatment

It is very uncertain whether shock wave lithotripsy changes serious adverse events or complications of treatment compared with ureteroscopy with holmium laser or pneumatic lithotripsy (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Paracetamol vs placebo

Serious adverse events: number experiencing 24 weeks · Patients with osteoarthritis of the knee or hip

Paracetamol showed no clear difference in serious adverse events: number experiencing 24 weeks compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Rifaximin plus non‐absorbable disaccharides vs non‐absorbable disaccharide

Serious adverse events ‐ total number of participants · prevention and treatment of hepatic encephalopathy in people with cirrhosis

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Rifaximin plus non‐absorbable… changes serious adverse events ‐ total number of participants compared with non‐absorbable disaccharides alone (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Rifaximin vs placebo or no intervention

Serious adverse events ‐ total number of participants · prevention and treatment of hepatic encephalopathy in people with cirrhosis

Summary of findings table ‐ Rifaximin showed no clear difference in serious adverse events ‐ total number of participants compared with placebo/no intervention (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Rifaximin vs non‐absorbable disaccharide

Serious adverse events ‐ total number of participants · prevention and treatment of hepatic encephalopathy in people with cirrhosis

Summary of findings table ‐ Rifaximin showed no clear difference in serious adverse events ‐ total number of participants compared with non‐absorbable disaccharide (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Galantamine vs placebo

Serious adverse events (excluding deaths) at 26 weeks · vascular dementia and other vascular cognitive impairments

Galantamine showed no clear difference in serious adverse events (excluding deaths) at 26 weeks compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Percutaneous nephrolithotripsy vs tubeless percutaneous nephrolithotripsy

Serious adverse events or complications of treatments

It is very uncertain whether percutaneous nephrolithotripsy changes serious adverse events or complications of treatments compared with tubeless percutaneous nephrolithotripsy (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

TACE followed by 3‐DCRT vs chemoembolisation

Non‐serious adverse events: total bilirubin elevation · primary hepatocellular carcinoma

It is very uncertain whether TACE followed by 3‐DCRT changes non‐serious adverse events: total bilirubin elevation compared with TACE (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Umeclidinium bromide vs placebo

Adverse events (not including serious adverse events): number of participants · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Umeclidinium bromide showed no clear difference in adverse events (not including serious adverse events) compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Supervised dosing with a long‐acting medication vs unsupervised consumption

Adverse serious events (any) (number of participants) · patients with opioid dependence

It is very uncertain whether supervised dosing with a long‐acting medication changes adverse serious events (any) (number of participants) compared with unsupervised consumption (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review