What do systematic reviews say?

Case management for integrated care vs usual care of older people living with frailty

• Case management for integrated care of older people with frailty in community settings 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 592 participants
  Low

Vestibular rehabilitation vs no treatment

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Non‐pharmacological interventions for prophylaxis of vestibular migraine 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Intranasal steroid drops vs placebo

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for the prevention of persistent post‐COVID‐19 olfactory dysfunction 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Bacillus Calmette‐Guérin (BCG) vs mitomycin

Bacillus Calmette‐Guérin (BCG) showed no clear difference in serious adverse effects compared with mitomycin C (MMC) (low certainty).

• Intravesical Bacillus Calmette‐Guérin versus mitomycin C for Ta and T1 bladder cancer 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 2.31 [0.82, 6.52]
  5 studies · 1024 participants
  Low

Chemotherapy vs chemotherapy alone

• Salvage systemic therapy for advanced gastric and oesophago‐gastric junction adenocarcinoma 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  4 studies · 448 participants
  High

CBT vs audiological care (tinnitus education and rehabilitation

• Cognitive behavioural therapy for tinnitus 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 410 participants
  Moderate

CBT vs TRT (directive counselling and bilateral masking)

CBT showed no clear difference in serious adverse effects compared with TRT (directive counselling and bilateral masking) (low certainty).

• Cognitive behavioural therapy for tinnitus 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.45 [0.04, 4.64]
  1 study · 42 participants
  Low

CBT vs other experimental control

CBT showed no clear difference in serious adverse effects compared with other experimental control (low certainty).

• Cognitive behavioural therapy for tinnitus 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.7 [0.16, 18.36]
  6 studies · 595 participants
  Low

MVA85A vs placebo

MVA85A showed no clear difference in serious adverse effects compared with placebo (high certainty).

• MVA85A vaccine to enhance BCG for preventing tuberculosis 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RD 0
  3 studies · 3692 participants
  High

Mefloquine vs doxycycline

Mefloquine showed no clear difference in serious adverse effects compared with doxycycline; GRADE not reported.

• Mefloquine for preventing malaria during travel to endemic areas 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.53 [0.23, 10.24]
  3 studies · 3722 participants
  GRADE not reported

Mefloquine vs atovaquone‐proguanil

Mefloquine showed no clear difference in serious adverse effects compared with atovaquone‐proguanil; GRADE not reported.

• Mefloquine for preventing malaria during travel to endemic areas 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.4 [0.08, 23.22]
  4 studies · 3693 participants
  GRADE not reported

Oxcarbazepine vs placebo

Oxcarbazepine probably leads to higher serious adverse effects compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

• Oxcarbazepine for neuropathic pain 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 3.65 [1.45, 9.2]
  3 studies · 634 participants
  Moderate

Allopurinol 100‐300 mg daily vs febuxostat 80 mg daily

Allopurinol 100‐300 mg daily showed no clear difference in serious adverse effects compared with febuxostat 80 mg daily (moderate certainty).

• Allopurinol for chronic gout 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.13 [0.71, 1.82]
  3 studies · 2556 participants
  Moderate

Allopurinol vs benzbromarone

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Allopurinol for chronic gout 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

SWITCHING ‐ NEW ANTIPSYCHOTIC REGIMEN vs CONTINUATION ON PREVIOUS REGIMEN: 1a. DIFFERENT DEPOT from DEPOT‐medium term (3‐12 months)

• Antipsychotic switching for people with schizophrenia who have neuroleptic‐induced weight or metabolic problems 2010 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 3 participants
  GRADE not reported

Topical clindamycin vs placebo

Topical clindamycin showed no clear difference in adverse effects (non‐serious) compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

• Interventions for hidradenitis suppurativa 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.72 [0.14, 3.64]
  1 study · 27 participants
  Moderate

Light vibrational forces (LVF) vs Conventional orthodontic appliance treatment

• Non‐surgical adjunctive interventions for accelerating tooth movement in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment 2023 · Cochrane All outcomes
  No serious adverse effects were reported across five studies that assessed harms (Katchooi 2018; Lombardo 2018; Pavlin 2015; Reiss 2020; Taha 2020).
  5 studies
  GRADE not reported

Tranexamic acid vs alternative haemostatic agents

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Tranexamic acid for patients with nasal haemorrhage (epistaxis) 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Tranexamic acid vs placebo + standard care

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Tranexamic acid for patients with nasal haemorrhage (epistaxis) 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Adalimumab weekly vs placebo

Adalimumab weekly showed no clear difference in frequency of serious adverse effects compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

• Interventions for hidradenitis suppurativa 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 2 [0.38, 10.44]
  1 study · 102 participants
  Moderate