Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

74 questions · 74 findings · 34 reviews

No studies found 23 · 31.1%GRADE not reported 14 · 18.9%Very low 8 · 10.8%Low 13 · 17.6%Moderate 13 · 17.6%High 3 · 4.1%

Adjunctive antioxidants for schizophrenia vs placebo

Adverse effects: 1. Serious (any time point) ‐ any serious adverse effect Various methods · patients with schizophrenia

Adjunctive antioxidants for schizophrenia showed no clear difference in adverse effects: 1. Serious (any time point) ‐ any serious adverse… compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Whole‐facility changes: Home‐like models vs traditional environment

Serious adverse effects Physical restraints, reported as percentage points (lower = better) · older adults living in long‐term residential care including, but not limited to, dementia‐specific care settings

It is very uncertain whether whole‐facility changes: Home‐like models changes serious adverse effects Physical restraints, reported as percentage… compared with traditional environment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Prophylactic platelet transfusion prior to surgery vs alternative treatment

Serious adverse events (transfusion‐related adverse effects within 24 hours of the transfusion) · people with a low platelet count

It is very uncertain whether prophylactic platelet transfusion prior to surgery changes serious adverse events (transfusion‐related adverse effects within… compared with alternative treatments (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Ciprofloxacin vs placebo added to cycled and culture‐based inhaled tobramycin (TNS) therapy

Adverse effects of antibiotics: proportion of participants with one or more serious adverse event · adults and children with cystic fibrosis and a positive microbiological isolate of P aeruginosa from a respiratory tract specimen

Ciprofloxacin showed no clear difference in adverse effects of antibiotics: proportion of participants with one… compared with placebo added to cycled and culture‐based inhaled tobramycin (TNS)… (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Cycled inhaled tobramycin vs culture‐based TNS

Adverse effects of antibiotics: proportion of participants with one or more serious adverse event · adults and children with cystic fibrosis and a positive microbiological isolate of P aeruginosa from a respiratory tract specimen

Cycled inhaled tobramycin (TNS) probably leads to lower adverse effects of antibiotics: proportion of participants with one… compared with culture‐based TNS (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Guselkumab vs placebo

Proportion of participants with adverse effects serious or severe enough to have caused withdrawal ‐ not reported · chronic palmoplantar pustulosis

Guselkumab showed no clear difference in proportion of participants with adverse effects serious or severe… compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Secukinumab vs placebo

Proportion of participants with adverse effects serious or severe enough to have caused withdrawal ‐ not reported · chronic palmoplantar pustulosis

Secukinumab probably leads to higher proportion of participants with adverse effects serious or severe… compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

CHLORPROMAZINE vs Clotiapine

Adverse effects: incidence of serious adverse effects. Movement disorders ‐ dyskinesia ‐short‐term · patients with schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether chlorpromazine changes adverse effects: incidence of serious adverse effects. Movement… compared with clotiapine (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Light vibrational forces (LVF) vs Conventional orthodontic appliance treatment

Harms: non-serious adverse effects (headache, discomfort, loosening of temporary anchorage devices) · Adolescents and adults with malocclusion undergoing orthodontic treatment with fixed or removable appliances

Light vibrational forces (LVF) showed no clear difference in harms: non-serious adverse effects (headache, discomfort, loosening… compared with conventional orthodontic appliance treatment (placebo or no adjunct); GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

HALOPERIDOL + PROMETHAZINE vs OLANZAPINE

Adverse effects: Specific and serious adverse effect ‐ by 24 hours Central nervous system ‐ excessive sedation · people with psychosis‐induced aggression

HALOPERIDOL + PROMETHAZINE showed no clear difference in adverse effects: Specific and serious adverse effects by 24 hours… compared with ANTIPSYCHOTIC ‐ OLANZAPINE (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

HALOPERIDOL + PROMETHAZINE vs ANTIPSYCHOTIC & BENZODIAZEPINE ‐ HALOPERIDOL + MIDAZOLAM

Adverse effects: Specific and serious adverse effect ‐ by 24 hours Central nervous system ‐ excessive sedation · people with psychosis‐induced aggression

HALOPERIDOL + PROMETHAZINE may leads to lower adverse effects: Specific and serious adverse effect ‐ by 24 hours… compared with ANTIPSYCHOTIC & BENZODIAZEPINE ‐ HALOPERIDOL + MIDAZOLAM (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

HALOPERIDOL + PROMETHAZINE vs haloperidol

Adverse effects: Specific and serious adverse effects by 24 hours (not death) Central nervous system ‐ seizure · people with psychosis‐induced aggression

HALOPERIDOL + PROMETHAZINE showed no clear difference in adverse effects: Specific and serious adverse effects by 24 hours… compared with ANTIPSYCHOTIC ‐ HALOPERIDOL (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

HALOPERIDOL + PROMETHAZINE vs ZIPRASIDONE

Adverse effects: Specific and serious adverse effect ‐ by 24 hours Central nervous system ‐ excessive sedation · people with psychosis‐induced aggression

HALOPERIDOL + PROMETHAZINE showed no clear difference in adverse effects: Specific and serious adverse effect ‐ by 24 hours… compared with ANTIPSYCHOTIC ‐ ZIPRASIDONE (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

UVA1 vs narrowband UVB

Proportion of participants with adverse effects serious or severe enough to have caused withdrawal ‐ not reported · chronic palmoplantar pustulosis

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review