What do systematic reviews say?

Smart technology vs face‐to‐face/digital and/or written support

• Computer and mobile technology interventions for self‐management in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 472 participants
  Low

Self‐management interventions vs usual care

• Self‐management interventions including action plans for exacerbations versus usual care in patients with chronic… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  10 studies · 1582 participants
  High

Intervention not reported

• Interactive telemedicine: effects on professional practice and health care outcomes 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  5 studies · 277 participants
  Low

Low dietary fat vs usual fat

• Effects of total fat intake on body fatness in adults 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 40130 participants
  Low

Follow‐up integrating additional patient symptom education or monitoring, or survivorship care plans vs usual care

• Follow‐up strategies following completion of primary cancer treatment in adult cancer survivors 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  Very low

Intervention not reported

• Deep brain and cortical stimulation for epilepsy 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 4 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

• Interactive telemedicine: effects on professional practice and health care outcomes 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  5 studies · 482 participants
  Moderate

Summary of findings table ‐ Oral classical immunosuppressants (prednisolone or cyclosporine) vs placebo

• Treatments for alopecia areata: a network meta‐analysis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 36 participants
  Very low

Exercise vs no exercise

• Exercise‐based cardiac rehabilitation for adult patients with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  5 studies · 433 participants
  Very low

COMPARISON 1. ARIPIPRAZOLE vs QUETIAPINE

• Aripiprazole versus other atypical antipsychotics for schizophrenia 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 100 participants
  Very low

Theory-based oral health education/promotion interventions (HBM, TPB, SCT, HAPA, TTM, PMT, SOC, PRECEDE-PROCEED, MI) vs Control (waitlist, routine/standard oral health education, or minimal intervention)

Theory-based interventions significantly improved oral health-related quality of life (SMD 7.38; low certainty), with very high heterogeneity.

• Health promotion theory-based educational interventions for improving oral health in children and adolescents: a… 2025 All outcomes

  Post-intervention (follow-up 0.5 to 12 months, varies by study) · School-based and community settings; multiple countries (predominantly Iran; also Pakistan, Hong Kong, Lithuania, Thailand) · Overall
  SMD 7.38 [5.57, 9.19]
  4 studies · 4751 participants
  Low

Dental cavity liner (e.g. calcium hydroxide, glass ionomer, resin-modified glass ionomer, or flowable composite) placed under the restoration vs No cavity liner or a different liner material

No included study reported oral health-related quality of life (a planned outcome), so no evidence is available.

• Efficacy of different cavity liners compared to no cavity lining in managing deep caries in vital permanent teeth - a… 2025 All outcomes

  >=6 months · Dental clinical settings (multiple countries)
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies
  No studies found

Partial pulpotomy vs Full (complete) pulpotomy

No included study reported oral health-related quality of life (a planned outcome), so no evidence is available.

• The effectiveness of partial pulpotomy compared with full pulpotomy in managing deep caries in vital permanent teeth… 2025 All outcomes

  >=6 months · University dental clinics, India (single-centre)
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies
  No studies found

Safe housing / favorable household conditions vs Unsafe housing / poor household conditions

Safe housing and favorable household conditions are associated with better OHRQoL in adolescents (narrative synthesis; no pooled estimate or GRADE rating).

• Oral-health-related quality of life in adolescents: umbrella review. 2023 All outcomes

  Community/school/clinic settings; adolescents 10-19 years; included reviews conducted in multiple countries
  having parents who can provide dental care and safe housing are positive predictors for OHRQoL. Socioeconomic factors related to the area of residence, satisfaction with oral health and dental care were shown to be…
  Studies not reported
  GRADE not reported

Traumatic dental injury (dental trauma) vs No dental trauma

Complicated traumatic dental injuries (pulp exposure or tooth darkening) worsen OHRQoL in adolescents, while uncomplicated injuries show little impact (narrative synthesis; no pooled estimate or GRADE rating).

• Oral-health-related quality of life in adolescents: umbrella review. 2023 All outcomes

  Community/school/clinic settings; adolescents 10-19 years; included reviews conducted in multiple countries
  The impact of dental trauma sequelae on OHRQoL in adolescents was observed in five systematic reviews [31-35]. The studies show that uncomplicated traumatic injuries do not have a negative impact on the OHRQoL of…
  5 studies
  GRADE not reported

Oral-health promotion programs (OHPPs): community-based oral-health education/training, supervised toothbrushing with fluoride toothpaste and topical fluoride, dental screening, and dietary advice vs No oral health promotion program

Oral health promotion programs have a positive effect on OHRQoL in adolescents (narrative synthesis; low methodological quality of included evidence; no pooled estimate or GRADE rating).

• Oral-health-related quality of life in adolescents: umbrella review. 2023 All outcomes

  Community/school/clinic settings; adolescents 10-19 years; included reviews conducted in multiple countries
  It was observed that health promotion programs have a positive effect on OHRQoL. Studies showed positive effects of OHPP on adolescentes OHRQoL with low methodological quality [38].
  Studies not reported
  GRADE not reported

Older age vs Younger adults (population mean age <=33.4 years)

The abstract reports older age is associated with worse OHRQoL, but the body notes the evidence on age is limited and conflicting (narrative synthesis; no pooled estimate or GRADE rating).

• Oral-health-related quality of life in adolescents: umbrella review. 2023 All outcomes

  Community/school/clinic settings; adolescents 10-19 years; included reviews conducted in multiple countries
  Worse oral health status, older age, female sex and worse socioeconomic status were significantly associated with worse OHRQoL. [Body: the influence of religion and age on OHRQoL is unknown; Biological data such as…
  Studies not reported
  GRADE not reported

Operative treatment of dental caries lesions vs No caries treatment

Operative treatment of caries lesions has a positive effect on OHRQoL in adolescents, though the included evidence was of low quality (narrative synthesis; no pooled estimate or GRADE rating by the umbrella review).

• Oral-health-related quality of life in adolescents: umbrella review. 2023 All outcomes

  Community/school/clinic settings; adolescents 10-19 years; included reviews conducted in multiple countries
  the operative treatment of caries lesions has a positive effect on OHRQoL, despite the low quality of evidence [9]. There is low evidence that the OHRQoL of children and adolescents improved following caries…
  Studies not reported
  GRADE not reported

Periodontal disease (severe periodontitis) vs Individuals without periodontal disease (by LOA)

Severe periodontal disease is associated with worse OHRQoL in adolescents (narrative synthesis; no pooled estimate or GRADE rating).

• Oral-health-related quality of life in adolescents: umbrella review. 2023 All outcomes

  Community/school/clinic settings; adolescents 10-19 years; included reviews conducted in multiple countries
  individuals with severe periodontitis had worse OHRQoL scores [9].
  Studies not reported
  GRADE not reported

Dental caries vs Absence/lower severity of dental caries

Dental caries is associated with worse OHRQoL in adolescents, with greater severity linked to greater impact (narrative synthesis; no pooled estimate or GRADE rating).

• Oral-health-related quality of life in adolescents: umbrella review. 2023 All outcomes

  Community/school/clinic settings; adolescents 10-19 years; included reviews conducted in multiple countries
  The impact of dental caries on OHRQoL was addressed in five systematic reviews [9, 26, 34, 36, 37]. Three articles report that the greater the severity of the carious lesion, the worse the impact on OHRQoL in…
  5 studies
  GRADE not reported