Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

100 questions · 100 findings · 41 reviews

No studies found 31 · 31%GRADE not reported 4 · 4%Very low 34 · 34%Low 19 · 19%Moderate 10 · 10%High 2 · 2%

Summary of findings table ‐ Rifaximin vs non‐absorbable disaccharide

Non‐serious adverse events ‐ total number of participants · prevention and treatment of hepatic encephalopathy in people with cirrhosis

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Rifaximin changes non‐serious adverse events ‐ total number of participants compared with non‐absorbable disaccharide (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Rifaximin plus non‐absorbable disaccharides vs non‐absorbable disaccharide

Non‐serious adverse events ‐ total number of participants · prevention and treatment of hepatic encephalopathy in people with cirrhosis

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Rifaximin plus non‐absorbable… changes non‐serious adverse events ‐ total number of participants compared with non‐absorbable disaccharides alone (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Rifaximin vs placebo or no intervention

Non‐serious adverse events ‐ total number of particiapnts · prevention and treatment of hepatic encephalopathy in people with cirrhosis

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Rifaximin changes non‐serious adverse events ‐ total number of particiapnts compared with placebo/no intervention (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Serious adverse events (number of serious adverse events) · patients with laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes serious adverse events (number of serious adverse events) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Methotrexate vs placebo

SAEs · psoriatic arthritis

Methotrexate showed no clear difference in serious adverse events (SAEs) assessed by number of events compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Adenovirus‐thymidine kinase with ganciclovir (ADV‐TK/GCV) plus liver transplantation vs liver transplantation

Adverse events considered non‐serious · participants with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma

It is very uncertain whether adenovirus‐thymidine kinase with ganciclovir (ADV‐TK/GCV) plus liver… changes adverse events considered non‐serious (number of participants) compared with liver transplantation (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

E1B‐deleted (dl1520) adenovirus vs percutaneous alcohol injection

Adverse events considered non‐serious · participants with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma

It is very uncertain whether E1B‐deleted (dl1520) adenovirus changes adverse events considered non‐serious (number of participants) compared with percutaneous ethanol injection (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pexastimogene devacirepvec (Pexa‐Vec) plus best supportive care vs best supportive care

Adverse events considered non‐serious · participants with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma

It is very uncertain whether pexastimogene devacirepvec (Pexa‐Vec) plus best supportive care changes adverse events considered non‐serious (number of participants) compared with best supportive care alone (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Tramadol vs paracetamol

Number of participants experiencing any serious adverse events · patients with osteoarthritis

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Tramadol vs NSAIDs

Number of participants experiencing any serious adverse events · patients with osteoarthritis

It is very uncertain whether tramadol alone changes number of participants experiencing any serious adverse events compared with NSAIDs (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Tramadol vs other opioids

Number of participants experiencing any serious adverse events · patients with osteoarthritis

It is very uncertain whether tramadol alone changes number of participants experiencing any serious adverse events compared with other opioids (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Tramadol vs placebo

Number of participants experiencing any serious adverse events · Patients with osteoarthritis of the knee or hip

Tramadol alone may leads to higher number of participants experiencing any serious adverse events compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

LABA/LAMA vs LABA plus inhaled corticosteroid (ICS)

Number of participants experiencing any serious adverse events · stable COPD

Long‐acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA) plus long‐acting… showed no clear difference in serious adverse events (number of people experiencing ≥ 1 SAEs) compared with LABA plus inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Multi‐component intervention vs other treatments/routine care

Number of participants experiencing any serious adverse events · the management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Multi‐component intervention showed no clear difference in adverse events: number of people experiencing a serious adverse event compared with other intervention or routine, usual care or control treatment (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review