Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

81 questions · 81 findings · 45 reviews

No studies found 17 · 21%GRADE not reported 4 · 4.9%Very low 44 · 54.3%Low 10 · 12.3%Moderate 4 · 4.9%High 2 · 2.5%

L‐ornithine L‐aspartate vs rifaximin

Non‐serious adverse events assessed using ICH‐GCP · people with cirrhosis who had minimal or overt hepatic encephalopathy or who were at risk for developing hepatic encephalopathy;…

It is very uncertain whether L‐ornithine L‐aspartate changes non‐serious adverse events assessed using ICH‐GCP compared with rifaximin (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

L‐ornithine L‐aspartate vs placebo or no intervention

Non‐serious adverse events assessed using ICH‐GCP

It is very uncertain whether L‐ornithine L aspartate changes non‐serious adverse events assessed using ICH‐GCP compared with placebo or no intervention (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

TACE followed by 3‐DCRT vs chemoembolisation

Non‐serious adverse events: total bilirubin elevation · primary hepatocellular carcinoma

It is very uncertain whether TACE followed by 3‐DCRT changes non‐serious adverse events: total bilirubin elevation compared with TACE (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Music therapy vs placebo or usual care

Adverse events Any serious or non‐serious adverse event · Individuals with autism spectrum disorder

Music therapy showed no clear difference in adverse events Any serious or non‐serious adverse event compared with placebo therapy or standard care (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Rifaximin vs non‐absorbable disaccharide

Non‐serious adverse events ‐ total number of participants · prevention and treatment of hepatic encephalopathy in people with cirrhosis

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Rifaximin changes non‐serious adverse events ‐ total number of participants compared with non‐absorbable disaccharide (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Rifaximin plus non‐absorbable disaccharides vs non‐absorbable disaccharide

Non‐serious adverse events ‐ total number of participants · prevention and treatment of hepatic encephalopathy in people with cirrhosis

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Rifaximin plus non‐absorbable… changes non‐serious adverse events ‐ total number of participants compared with non‐absorbable disaccharides alone (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Rifaximin vs placebo or no intervention

Non‐serious adverse events ‐ total number of particiapnts · prevention and treatment of hepatic encephalopathy in people with cirrhosis

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Rifaximin changes non‐serious adverse events ‐ total number of particiapnts compared with placebo/no intervention (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

TACE followed by 3‐DCRT vs chemoembolisation

Non‐serious adverse events: serum transaminases elevation · primary hepatocellular carcinoma

It is very uncertain whether TACE followed by 3‐DCRT changes non‐serious adverse events: serum transaminases elevation compared with TACE (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Participants with non‐serious adverse events: up to 3 months' · participants with alcoholic hepatitis at high risk of mortality and morbidity

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes participants with non‐serious adverse events: up to 3 months' (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Adenovirus‐thymidine kinase with ganciclovir (ADV‐TK/GCV) plus liver transplantation vs liver transplantation

Adverse events considered non‐serious · participants with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma

It is very uncertain whether adenovirus‐thymidine kinase with ganciclovir (ADV‐TK/GCV) plus liver… changes adverse events considered non‐serious (number of participants) compared with liver transplantation (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

E1B‐deleted (dl1520) adenovirus vs percutaneous alcohol injection

Adverse events considered non‐serious · participants with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma

It is very uncertain whether E1B‐deleted (dl1520) adenovirus changes adverse events considered non‐serious (number of participants) compared with percutaneous ethanol injection (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pexastimogene devacirepvec (Pexa‐Vec) plus best supportive care vs best supportive care

Adverse events considered non‐serious · participants with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma

It is very uncertain whether pexastimogene devacirepvec (Pexa‐Vec) plus best supportive care changes adverse events considered non‐serious (number of participants) compared with best supportive care alone (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Terlipressin vs other vasoactive drugs

Non‐serious adverse events: diarrhoea or abdominal pain, or both · people with cirrhosis and hepatorenal syndrome

It is very uncertain whether terlipressin changes non‐serious adverse events: diarrhoea or abdominal pain, or both compared with other vasoactive drugs (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Non‐serious local adverse events (all included trials) ICH‐GCP 1997 · patients with preventing hepatitis A.

The intervention showed no clear difference in non‐serious local adverse events (all included trials) ICH‐GCP 1997 (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotics vs other antibiotics

Adverse events considered non‐serious (penicillin versus cefotaxime) · people with leptospirosis

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Antibiotics changes adverse events considered non‐serious (penicillin versus cefotaxime) compared with other antibiotics (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review