What do systematic reviews say?

Radioembolisation plus sorafenib vs sorafenib monotherapy

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Yttrium-90 microsphere radioembolisation for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Radioembolisation vs chemoembolisation

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Yttrium-90 microsphere radioembolisation for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Radioembolisation vs sorafenib monotherapy

• Yttrium-90 microsphere radioembolisation for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 360 participants
  Very low

Gemcitabine plus vandetanib vs vandetanib

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Gemcitabine‐based chemotherapy for advanced biliary tract carcinomas 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Gemcitabine plus cisplatin vs S‐1 plus cisplatin

It is very uncertain whether gemcitabine plus cisplatin changes all‐cause mortality at 1 year compared with S‐1 plus cisplatin (very low certainty).

• Gemcitabine‐based chemotherapy for advanced biliary tract carcinomas 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.76 [0.58, 0.98]
  1 study · 96 participants
  Very low

Gemcitabine plus S‐1 vs S‐1

It is very uncertain whether gemcitabine plus S‐1 changes all‐cause mortality at 1 year compared with S‐1 (very low certainty).

• Gemcitabine‐based chemotherapy for advanced biliary tract carcinomas 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.61 [0.33, 1.13]
  2 studies · 151 participants
  Very low

Gemcitabine plus oxaliplatin vs best supportive care

It is very uncertain whether gemcitabine plus oxaliplatin changes all‐cause mortality at 1 year compared with best supportive care (very low certainty).

• Gemcitabine‐based chemotherapy for advanced biliary tract carcinomas 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.78 [0.53, 1.15]
  1 study · 40 participants
  Very low

Gemcitabine plus oxaliplatin vs 5‐fluorouracil plus folinic acid

It is very uncertain whether gemcitabine plus oxaliplatin changes all‐cause mortality at 1 year compared with 5‐fluorouracil plus folinic acid (very low certainty).

• Gemcitabine‐based chemotherapy for advanced biliary tract carcinomas 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.81 [0.55, 1.2]
  1 study · 41 participants
  Very low

Gemcitabine plus oxaliplatin vs 5‐fluorouracil plus cisplatin plus radiotherapy

It is very uncertain whether gemcitabine plus oxaliplatin changes all‐cause mortality at 1 year compared with 5‐fluorouracil plus cisplatin plus radiotherapy (very low certainty).

• Gemcitabine‐based chemotherapy for advanced biliary tract carcinomas 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.56 [0.21, 1.52]
  1 study · 34 participants
  Very low

Gemcitabine plus mitomycin C vs capecitabine plus mitomycin C

It is very uncertain whether gemcitabine plus mitomycin C changes all‐cause mortality at 1 year compared with capecitabine plus mitomycin C (very low certainty).

• Gemcitabine‐based chemotherapy for advanced biliary tract carcinomas 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.14 [0.89, 1.48]
  1 study · 51 participants
  Very low

Gemcitabine vs vandetanib

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Gemcitabine‐based chemotherapy for advanced biliary tract carcinomas 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Adjuvant chemotherapy vs no chemotherapy

It is very uncertain whether adjuvant chemotherapy changes all‐cause mortality at 5 years compared with no chemotherapy (very low certainty).

• Postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy for resectable cholangiocarcinoma 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.92 [0.84, 1.01]
  4 studies · 867 participants
  Very low

Surgical portosystemic shunts vs transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS)

It is very uncertain whether surgical portosystemic shunts changes all‐cause mortality at 5 years compared with transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) (very low certainty).

• Surgical portosystemic shunts versus transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt for variceal haemorrhage in people… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.61 [0.42, 0.9]
  4 studies · 496 participants
  Very low

TACE followed by 3‐DCRT vs chemoembolisation

TACE followed by 3‐DCRT may leads to lower all‐cause mortality: at 3 years compared with TACE (low certainty).

• Transcatheter arterial chemoembolisation followed by three‐dimensional conformal radiotherapy versus transcatheter… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.8 [0.73, 0.88]
  7 studies · 552 participants
  Low

External beam radiotherapy (EBRT) vs chemoembolisation

It is very uncertain whether external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) changes all‐cause mortality (at 1 year) compared with transarterial chemoembolisation (TACE) (very low certainty).

• External beam radiotherapy for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.21 [0.97, 1.5]
  3 studies · 152 participants
  Very low

External beam radiotherapy (EBRT) plus transarterial chemoembolisation (TACE) vs TACE alone

External beam radiotherapy (EBRT) plus transarterial… may leads to lower all‐cause mortality (at maximum 1‐year compared with TACE alone (low certainty).

• External beam radiotherapy for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.51 [0.41, 0.62]
  9 studies · 786 participants
  Low

Adjuvant S‐1 vs gemcitabine

It is very uncertain whether adjuvant S‐1 changes all‐cause mortality: 1‐year overall survival compared with gemcitabine (very low certainty).

• Postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy for resectable cholangiocarcinoma 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.38 [0.15, 0.96]
  1 study · 70 participants
  Very low

Adjuvant S‐1 vs gemcitabine

It is very uncertain whether adjuvant S‐1 changes all‐cause mortality: 2‐year overall survival compared with gemcitabine (very low certainty).

• Postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy for resectable cholangiocarcinoma 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.81 [0.58, 1.13]
  1 study · 70 participants
  Very low

Intervention not reported

• Glucocorticosteroids for infants with biliary atresia following Kasai portoenterostomy 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  Low