Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

7 questions · 7 findings · 6 reviews · Headline outcomes only

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No studies found 0 · 0%GRADE not reported 1 · 14.3%Very low 2 · 28.6%Low 1 · 14.3%Moderate 2 · 28.6%High 1 · 14.3%

Intervention vs usual care

All‐cause mortality (deaths) Â · COPD and at least one other long‐term condition

It is very uncertain whether intervention changes all‐cause mortality (deaths) Â compared with usual care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Tailored or adapted interventions for adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and at least one other… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.55 [0.23, 1.35]
2 studies · 177 participants
Very low

High vs low long‐chain omega‐3 fats

All‐cause mortality – deaths · adults with or without existing CVD

High showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality – deaths compared with low long‐chain omega‐3 fats (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Omega‐3 fatty acids for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.97 [0.93, 1.01]
45 studies · 143693 participants
High

High vs low ALA omega‐3 fats

All‐cause mortality – deaths · adults with or without existing CVD

High showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality – deaths compared with low alpha‐linolenic acid omega‐3 fats (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Omega‐3 fatty acids for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.01 [0.84, 1.2]
5 studies · 19327 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Mortality: all‐cause deaths · adults with intermittent claudication

The intervention showed no clear difference in mortality: all‐cause deaths (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Exercise for intermittent claudication 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.92 [0.39, 2.17]
5 studies · 540 participants
Moderate

Montelukast vs placebo

All‐cause mortality Deaths · children with acute bronchiolitis

Montelukast showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality Deaths compared with placebo; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Leukotriene inhibitors for bronchiolitis in infants and young children 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 2.51 [0.12, 52.16]
1 study · 952 participants
GRADE not reported

Home (point‐of‐use) fortification of foods with multiple micronutrient powders vs placebo or no intervention

All‐cause mortality (number of deaths during trial) · preschool and school‐age children

1 finding from 1 review

Point‐of‐use fortification of foods with micronutrient powders containing iron in children of preschool and school‐age 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 115 participants
Low

Peginterferon alpha‐2a vs peginterferon alpha‐2b

All‐cause mortality Deaths during and after the treatment · people with chronic hepatitis C

It is very uncertain whether peginterferon alpha‐2a changes all‐cause mortality Deaths during and after the treatment compared with peginterferon alpha‐2b (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Peginterferon alpha‐2a versus peginterferon alpha‐2b for chronic hepatitis C 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.97 [0.64, 6.08]
1 study · 3070 participants
Very low