Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

1,337 questions · 1,354 findings · 566 reviews

No studies found 307 · 22.7%GRADE not reported 81 · 6%Very low 424 · 31.3%Low 310 · 22.9%Moderate 189 · 14%High 43 · 3.2%

Antibiotics vs other antibiotics

Serious adverse events (nosocomial infection) (penicillin versus doxycycline) · people with leptospirosis

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Antibiotics changes serious adverse events (nosocomial infection) (penicillin versus… compared with other antibiotics (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotics vs other antibiotics

Serious adverse events (nosocomial infection) (doxycycline versus cefotaxime) · people with leptospirosis

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Antibiotics changes serious adverse events (nosocomial infection) (doxycycline versus… compared with other antibiotics (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Diclofenac vs bupivacaine

Serious adverse events during the study period · children with acute postoperative pain

It is very uncertain whether diclofenac changes serious adverse events during the study period № of participants: 38… compared with bupivacaine (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Fixed‐dose combination aclidinium/formoterol vs formoterol

Adverse events (not including serious adverse events): number of participants · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Fixed‐dose combination aclidinium/formoterol leads to lower adverse events (not including serious adverse events): number of… compared with formoterol (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Fixed‐dose combination aclidinium/formoterol vs placebo

Adverse events (not including serious adverse events): number of participants · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Fixed‐dose combination aclidinium/formoterol showed no clear difference in adverse events (not including serious adverse events): number of… compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Fixed‐dose combination aclidinium/formoterol vs aclidinium alone

Adverse events (not including serious adverse events): number of participants · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Fixed‐dose combination aclidinium/formoterol showed no clear difference in adverse events (not including serious adverse events): number of… compared with aclidinium alone (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Providing information about the residents? fall risk vs usual care

Serious adverse events related to the use of physical restraints ‐ not measured · older people in all long‐term care settings

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Sclerotherapy vs no intervention

Serious adverse events and liver‐related morbidity: incidence of gastric varices · primary prophylaxis of oesophageal variceal bleeding in children with chronic liver disease or portal vein thrombosis

It is very uncertain whether sclerotherapy changes serious adverse events and liver‐related morbidity: incidence of… compared with no intervention (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Adverse events-serious events Budesonide/formoterol (BDF) versus budesonide (BD) · patients with COPD

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes adverse events-serious events Budesonide/formoterol (BDF) versus… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Methylphenidate vs placebo or no intervention

Adverse events considered non‐serious (penicillin versus doxycycline) · Children and adolescents with ADHD

It is very uncertain whether methylphenidate changes proportion of participants with one or more adverse events… compared with placebo or no intervention (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin D vs placebo

Proportion of participants with one or more serious adverse events due to any cause · children and adults with predominantly mild to moderate asthma

Summary of findings table ‐ Vitamin D showed no clear difference in proportion of participants with one or more serious adverse events… compared with placebo (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review