Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

4,918 questions · 5,537 findings · 1,803 reviews

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No studies found 1,309 · 23.6%GRADE not reported 440 · 7.9%Very low 1,560 · 28.2%Low 1,292 · 23.3%Moderate 751 · 13.6%High 185 · 3.3%

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Intervention not reported

Minor adverse events · Heterosexual women

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Topical microbicides for preventing sexually transmitted infections 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention not reported

Minor adverse events · heterosexual women

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Topical microbicides for preventing sexually transmitted infections 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Discontinuing cholinesterase inhibitor vs continued cholinesterase inhibitor

Adverse events (any) · people with dementia

Discontinuing cholinesterase inhibitor showed no clear difference in adverse events (any) compared with continued cholinesterase inhibitor (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Withdrawal or continuation of cholinesterase inhibitors or memantine or both, in people with dementia 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.85 [0.57, 1.27]
4 studies · 446 participants
Low

Clotrimazole (partially absorbed from GI tract) vs another azole

Other adverse events · patients with otomycosis

It is very uncertain whether clotrimazole changes other adverse events compared with another azole (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Topical azole treatments for otomycosis 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.79 [0.18, 3.41]
1 study · 174 participants
Very low

Monthly pegloticase vs placebo

Total adverse events · participants with tophi in gout

Monthly pegloticase showed no clear difference in total adverse events compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for tophi in gout 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.05 [0.98, 1.14]
1 study · 127 participants
Moderate

Lesinurad 400 mg plus febuxostat CONTINUED vs lesinurad 200 mg plus febuxostat CONTINUED

Total adverse events · participants with tophi in gout

Lesinurad 400 mg plus febuxostat CONTINUED showed no clear difference in total adverse events compared with lesinurad 200 mg plus febuxostat CONTINUED (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for tophi in gout 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.12 [0.96, 1.32]
1 study · 129 participants
Low

Lesinurad 400 mg plus febuxostat CROSS vs lesinurad 200 mg plus febuxostat CROSS

Total adverse events · participants with tophi in gout

Lesinurad 400 mg plus febuxostat CROSS showed no clear difference in total adverse events compared with lesinurad 200 mg plus febuxostat CROSS (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for tophi in gout 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.19 [1, 1.41]
1 study · 67 participants
Low

Pegloticase every two weeks (biweekly) vs placebo

Total adverse events · participants with tophi in gout

Pegloticase every two weeks (biweekly) showed no clear difference in total adverse events compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for tophi in gout 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.99 [0.91, 1.07]
1 study · 128 participants
Moderate

Non‐selective NSAIDs vs selective cyclo‐oxygenase‐2 inhibitors

Total adverse events · acute gout

Non‐selective NSAIDs probably leads to higher total adverse events compared with selective cyclo‐oxygenase‐2 inhibitors (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs for acute gout 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.94 [1.36, 2.78]
Studies not reported
Moderate

NSAIDs vs glucocorticoids

Total adverse events · acute gout

NSAIDs probably leads to higher total adverse events compared with glucocorticoids (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs for acute gout 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.62 [1.03, 2.55]
Studies not reported
Moderate

NSAIDs vs placebo

Total adverse events · acute gout

NSAIDs showed no clear difference in total adverse events compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs for acute gout 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.2 [0.01, 3.85]
Studies not reported
Low

Vitamin C vs allopurinol

Total adverse events · participants with chronic gout and sUA level > 0.36mmol/L

1 finding from 1 review

Dietary supplements for chronic gout 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 40 participants
Low

Summary of Findings Table ‐ IncobotulinumtoxinA 20U vs placebo

Major adverse events · glabellar lines

1 finding from 1 review

Botulinum toxin type A for facial wrinkles 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 547 participants
Moderate

Summary of Findings Table ‐ IncobotulinumtoxinA 20U vs placebo

Total adverse events · glabellar lines

Summary of Findings Table ‐ IncobotulinumtoxinA 20U showed no clear difference in total adverse events compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Botulinum toxin type A for facial wrinkles 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.17 [0.9, 1.53]
2 studies · 547 participants
Low

Summary of Findings Table ‐ AbobotulinumtoxinA 50U vs OnabotulinumtoxinA 20U

Total adverse events · glabellar lines

Summary of Findings Table ‐ AbobotulinumtoxinA 50U showed no clear difference in total adverse events compared with onabotulinumtoxinA 20U (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Botulinum toxin type A for facial wrinkles 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.02 [0.67, 1.54]
2 studies · 492 participants
Moderate

Summary of Findings Table ‐ OnabotulinumtoxinA 20U vs placebo

Major adverse events · glabellar lines

Summary of Findings Table ‐ OnabotulinumtoxinA 20U probably leads to higher major adverse events compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Botulinum toxin type A for facial wrinkles 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 3.62 [1.5, 8.74]
8 studies · 1390 participants
Moderate

Summary of Findings Table ‐ IncobotulinumtoxinA 24U vs OnabotulinumtoxinA 24U

Major adverse events · glabellar lines

It is very uncertain whether summary of Findings Table ‐ IncobotulinumtoxinA 24U changes major adverse events compared with onabotulinumtoxinA 24U (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Botulinum toxin type A for facial wrinkles 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.02 [0, 1.77]
1 study · 381 participants
Very low

Summary of Findings Table ‐ IncobotulinumtoxinA 24U vs OnabotulinumtoxinA 24U

Total adverse events · glabellar lines

It is very uncertain whether summary of Findings Table ‐ IncobotulinumtoxinA 24U changes total adverse events compared with onabotulinumtoxinA 24U (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Botulinum toxin type A for facial wrinkles 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.02 [0, 1.77]
1 study · 381 participants
Very low

Summary of Findings Table ‐ DaxibotulinumtoxinA 40U vs placebo

Major adverse events · glabellar lines

1 finding from 1 review

Botulinum toxin type A for facial wrinkles 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 716 participants
Moderate

Summary of Findings Table ‐ DaxibotulinumtoxinA 40U vs placebo

Total adverse events · glabellar lines

Summary of Findings Table ‐ DaxibotulinumtoxinA 40U probably leads to higher total adverse events compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Botulinum toxin type A for facial wrinkles 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 2.23 [1.46, 3.4]
2 studies · 716 participants
Moderate