Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

4,918 questions · 5,537 findings · 1,803 reviews

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No studies found 1,309 · 23.6%GRADE not reported 440 · 7.9%Very low 1,560 · 28.2%Low 1,292 · 23.3%Moderate 751 · 13.6%High 185 · 3.3%

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Summary of findings: punctal plugs vs no punctal plugs

Adverse events · adults with dry eye syndrome

1 finding from 1 review

Punctal occlusion for dry eye syndrome 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 146 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

Adverse events · people with non‐neurological conditions1

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Stretch for the treatment and prevention of contractures 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention not reported

Adverse events · people with neurological conditions1

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Stretch for the treatment and prevention of contractures 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Topical phenytoin vs simple dressing

Adverse events · people with pressure ulcers

1 finding from 1 review

Topical phenytoin for treating pressure ulcers 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 81 participants
GRADE not reported

Topical phenytoin vs hydrocolloid dressing

Adverse events · people with pressure ulcers

1 finding from 1 review

Topical phenytoin for treating pressure ulcers 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 84 participants
GRADE not reported

Topical phenytoin vs triple antibiotic ointment

Adverse events · people with pressure ulcers

1 finding from 1 review

Topical phenytoin for treating pressure ulcers 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 28 participants
GRADE not reported

Intervention not reported

Adverse events · patients with refractory (multi)focal or generalized epilepsy

1 finding from 1 review

Deep brain and cortical stimulation for epilepsy 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 19 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Adverse events · patients with refractory (multi)focal or generalized epilepsy

1 finding from 1 review

Deep brain and cortical stimulation for epilepsy 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 22 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Adverse events · patients with refractory medial temporal lobe epilepsy

1 finding from 1 review

Deep brain and cortical stimulation for epilepsy 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 15 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Adverse events · adults with IQ >70 with refractory focal epilepsy

1 finding from 1 review

Deep brain and cortical stimulation for epilepsy 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 4 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Adverse events · adults with refractory focal epilepsy (1 or 2 epileptogenic regions)

1 finding from 1 review

Deep brain and cortical stimulation for epilepsy 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 191 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Adverse events · adults with IQ > 70 with refractory focal epilepsy

1 finding from 1 review

Deep brain and cortical stimulation for epilepsy 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 109 participants
Moderate

Pseudoelastic orthosis vs traditional (static) splint

Adverse events · children/young people aged 4‐18 years with traumatic brain injury and with 'mild to severe spastic tetraparesis' (weakness) in all limbs

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for managing skeletal muscle spasticity following traumatic brain injury 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 25 participants
Very low

Baclofen vs placebo

Adverse events · adults with traumatic brain injury with spasticity in their arms and legs

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for managing skeletal muscle spasticity following traumatic brain injury 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 11 participants
Low

Botulinum toxin A (with and without casting) vs placebo (with and without casting)

Adverse events · adults with traumatic brain injury with spasticity in their arms (1 study) or calves (1 study)

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for managing skeletal muscle spasticity following traumatic brain injury 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 47 participants
Very low

Summary of findings: autologous serum vs Normal saline

Adverse events · people with dry eye

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Autologous serum eye drops for dry eye 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Summary of findings: autologous serum vs artificial tears

Adverse events · people with dry eye

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Autologous serum eye drops for dry eye 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Antioxidants vs placebo

Adverse events · mainly physically active individuals1 partaking in exercise2 designed to produce delayed onset muscle soreness

1 finding from 1 review

Antioxidants for preventing and reducing muscle soreness after exercise 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
9 studies · 216 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

Adverse events · people with severe traumatic brain injury (adults and children)

1 finding from 1 review

Elevation of the head during intensive care management in people with severe traumatic brain injury 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 20 participants
Very low

Azoles vs placebo

Adverse events · participants with confirmed toenail onychomycosis

Azole showed no clear difference in adverse events compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral antifungal medication for toenail onychomycosis 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.04 [0.97, 1.12]
9 studies · 3441 participants
Moderate