Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

4,918 questions · 5,537 findings · 1,803 reviews

No studies found 1,309 · 23.6%GRADE not reported 440 · 7.9%Very low 1,560 · 28.2%Low 1,292 · 23.3%Moderate 751 · 13.6%High 185 · 3.3%

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Non‐invasive brain stimulation vs usual care with or without sham interventions

Adverse effects (central nervous system) · people with depression after stroke

Non‐invasive brain stimulation showed no clear difference in adverse events: all ‐ central nervous system events (e.g. confusion,… compared with sham non‐invasive brain stimulation and/or usual care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological interventions vs placebo

Adverse effects (central nervous system) · people with depression after stroke

It is very uncertain whether pharmacological interventions changes adverse events: all ‐ central nervous system events (e.g. confusion,… compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Electrical or magnetic stimulation vs no treatment, sham treatment or verbal/written instruction

Number of participants experiencing muscle‐related adverse events: e.g. soreness, discomfort, cramps, pain · men with urinary incontinence following prostate surgery

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Combinations of conservative treatments vs no treatment, sham treatment or verbal/written instruction

Number of participants experiencing muscle‐related adverse events: e.g. soreness, discomfort, cramps, pain · men with urinary incontinence following prostate surgery

It is very uncertain whether combinations of conservative treatments changes number of participants experiencing muscle‐related adverse events:… compared with no treatment, sham treatment or verbal/written instruction (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table – disulfiram vs placebo or no pharmacological treatment

Dropouts due to adverse events · patients with the treatment of cocaine dependence

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table – disulfiram changes dropout due to adverse events (number of participants who did not… compared with placebo or no pharmacological treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy prior to interval surgery (NACT) vs surgery followed by chemotherapy (PDS)

Surgically‐related severe adverse effects (grade 3+) ‐ postoperative G3+ events (within 30 days of surgery) · women with advanced ovarian epithelial cancer

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy prior to interval surgery (NACT) probably leads to lower surgically‐related severe adverse effects (grade 3+) ‐ postoperative… compared with surgery followed by chemotherapy (PDS) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Prophylactic plasma transfusion before surgery/invasive procedures vs alternative haemostatic agents

Serious adverse events measured by surgery or procedure‐related complications within 30 days ‐ not reported · patients undergoing non‐cardiac surgery/invasive procedures

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Thromboelastography threshold vs standard of care (laboratory parameters)

Serious adverse events measured by surgery or procedure‐related complications within 30 days ‐ not reported · patients undergoing non‐cardiac surgery/invasive procedures

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Prophylactic plasma transfusion before surgery/invasive procedures vs no prophylactic plasma transfusion before surgery/invasive procedures (colloid, crystalloid, placebo, or no treatment)

Serious adverse events measured by surgery or procedure‐related complications within 30 days ‐ not reported · patients undergoing non‐cardiac surgery/invasive procedures

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Benzodiazepines vs placebo

Adverse effects/events ‐ extrapyramidal symptoms ‐ medium term Number of instances of extrapyramidal symptoms · psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation

It is very uncertain whether benzodiazepines changes adverse effects/events: extrapyramidal symptoms ‐ medium termNumber… compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

BENZODIAZEPINES + ANTIPSYCHOTICS vs ANTIHISTAMINES + ANTIPSYCHOTICS

Adverse effects/events ‐ extrapyramidal symptoms ‐ medium term Number of instances of extrapyramidal symptoms · psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation

It is very uncertain whether benzodiazepines plus antipsychotics changes adverse effects/events: extrapyramidal symptoms ‐ medium termNumber… compared with antihistamines plus antipsychotics (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

COURT ORDERED OUTPATIENT COMMITMENT vs ENTIRELY VOLUNTARY CARE

Participant level outcomes: 6. Satisfaction with care/adverse events: perceived coercion by 11 to 12 months · people with severe mental disorders

COURT ORDERED OUTPATIENT COMMITMENT showed no clear difference in participant level outcomes: 6. Satisfaction with care/adverse… compared with ENTIRELY VOLUNTARY CARE (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Lidocaine vs disopyramide

Adverse events (AEs; adverse drug reaction): cardiac blocks (high‐degree atrioventricular block and bundle) · patients with myocardial infarction

It is very uncertain whether lidocaine changes adverse events (AEs; adverse drug reaction): cardiac blocks… compared with disopyramide (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review