What do systematic reviews say?

Acupuncture at P6 point vs sham

• Management of gag reflex for patients undergoing dental treatment 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Adverse effects: 33 participants (1 RCT, Zotelli 2014); very low certainty. The trial authors were unsure whether the reported adverse events (one control participant reported increased sweating) were due to…
  1 study · 33 participants
  Very low

Hyperbaric oxygen (following replantation) vs control

• Interventions for treating traumatised permanent front teeth: avulsed (knocked out) and replanted 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Chen 2000 did not report this outcome; following email correspondence, authors reported no adverse effects were seen (uncertain whether formally assessed).
  1 study
  GRADE not reported

Acupressure at P6 point with device vs sham

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Management of gag reflex for patients undergoing dental treatment 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes
  None of the trials comparing acupressure with thumb, device or sea band to sham acupressure with or without sedation reported adverse effects.
  0 studies
  No studies found

Acupressure at P6 point with device plus sedation vs Sham (dummy) acupressure with sedation

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Management of gag reflex for patients undergoing dental treatment 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes
  None of the trials comparing acupressure with thumb, device or sea band to sham acupressure with or without sedation reported adverse effects.
  0 studies
  No studies found

Slow-release fluoride device (fluoride glass beads) vs Fluoride mouthrinse

• Fluorides for preventing early tooth decay (demineralised lesions) during fixed brace treatment 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes

  At debond; follow-up 19 months
  Additional SoF Table 3. Adverse effects: current design of the fluoride glass bead inadequate; high attrition partly due to bead breakages ('an improved method of attachment is needed'). 37 participants (1 RCT, Luther…
  1 study · 37 participants
  Very low

Laser (low-level laser) at P6 point vs sham control

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Management of gag reflex for patients undergoing dental treatment 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Adverse effects: none of the trials reported adverse effects.
  0 studies
  No studies found

Thymosin alpha 1 (10-minute soak prior to replantation) vs Normal saline

• Interventions for treating traumatised permanent front teeth: avulsed (knocked out) and replanted 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Loo 2008 did not report this outcome; following email correspondence, authors reported no adverse effects were seen (uncertain whether formally assessed).
  1 study
  GRADE not reported

Acupressure at P6 point with thumb plus sedation vs Sham (dummy) acupressure with sedation

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Management of gag reflex for patients undergoing dental treatment 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes
  None of the trials comparing acupressure with thumb, device or sea band to sham acupressure with or without sedation reported adverse effects.
  0 studies
  No studies found

Resin-modified glass ionomer cement for bonding orthodontic brackets vs Composite resin for bonding brackets

• Fluorides for preventing early tooth decay (demineralised lesions) during fixed brace treatment 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes

  At debond; follow-up 17.6 months
  SoF 5. Adverse effects: no evidence that either intervention had adverse effects. 173 participants (1 RCT, Benson 2019); certainty LOW.
  1 study · 173 participants
  Low

Manual paper reminders added to another QI intervention vs the same QI intervention

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Manually‐generated reminders delivered on paper: effects on professional practice and patient outcomes 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Manual paper reminders vs other quality‐improvement (QI) interventions

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Manually‐generated reminders delivered on paper: effects on professional practice and patient outcomes 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Manual paper reminders vs usual care

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Manually‐generated reminders delivered on paper: effects on professional practice and patient outcomes 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Mucolytic vs placebo

Mucolytic probably leads to lower adverse effects compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

• Mucolytic agents versus placebo for chronic bronchitis or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  Peto OR 0.84 [0.74, 0.94]
  24 studies · 7264 participants
  Moderate

Oral azithromycin vs control

• Antibiotics for trachoma 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 3069 participants
  GRADE not reported

Oral azithromycin vs topical tetracycline

• Antibiotics for trachoma 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 6002 participants
  GRADE not reported

Antibiotics vs control

Antibiotic may leads to lower adverse effects compared with control (low certainty).

• Antibiotics for trachoma 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  9 studies · 1961 participants
  Low

Oral vs topical antibiotics

• Antibiotics for trachoma 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  8 studies · 1583 participants
  Low

Inhaled corticosteroids vs placebo

• Inhaled corticosteroids for cystic fibrosis 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  5 studies · 295 participants
  Low

Clinic‐based intervention vs usual care

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Disease management interventions for heart failure 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Multidisciplinary disease management programmes vs usual care

• Disease management interventions for heart failure 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 496 participants
  Moderate