Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

1,949 questions · 1,994 findings · 636 reviews

No studies found 504 · 25.3%GRADE not reported 340 · 17.1%Very low 477 · 23.9%Low 390 · 19.6%Moderate 241 · 12.1%High 42 · 2.1%

Levetiracetam vs placebo

Adverse effects: 5 most common adverse effects (any age) – accidental injury · people with drug‐resistant focal epilepsy

Levetiracetam showed no clear difference in adverse effects: 5 most common adverse effects (any age) –… compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Meglumine antimoniate (IMMA) (20 mg/kg/d for 20 days) vs placebo (3 tablets/4 times a day

Risk for at least one adverse event per patient · People with American cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis

Meglumine antimoniate (IMMA) (20 mg/kg/d for 20 days) probably leads to higher adverse effects (number of participants who had at least one adverse… compared with placebo (3 tablets/4 times a day (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

QUETIAPINE vs RISPERIDONE

Adverse effects: 2. Extrapyramidal effects ‐ use of antiparkinson medication · schizophrenia

QUETIAPINE probably leads to lower adverse effects: 2. Extrapyramidal effects ‐ use of antiparkinson… compared with RISPERIDONE (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Levetiracetam vs placebo

Adverse effect: fatigue · people with drug‐resistant focal epilepsy

Levetiracetam showed no clear difference in adverse effects: 5 most common adverse effects (any age) – fatigue… compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Laxative plus bulking agent vs laxative alone

Adverse effects on women: faecal incontinence during first 10 postpartum days · postpartum women who underwent surgical repair of third degree perineal tears

It is very uncertain whether laxative plus bulking agent changes adverse effects on women: faecal incontinence during first 10… compared with laxative alone (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

LNG‐IUS vs non‐intrauterine progestogen

Adverse effects associated with hormones:Bleeding/spotting Nausea Weight gain · endometrial hyperplasia

It is very uncertain whether LNG‐IUS changes adverse effects associated with hormones:Bleeding/spotting Nausea… compared with non‐intrauterine progestogen (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

CHLORPROMAZINE vs piperacetazine

Adverse effects. Specific: movement disorders ‐ parkinsonism · patients with schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether chlorpromazine changes adverse effects/events: clinically important movement disorder… compared with piperacetazine (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antipsychotic dose increase vs antipsychotic dose continuation

Adverse effects – leaving the study early due to adverse effects – overall tolerability – total · non response in schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether antipsychotic dose increase changes leaving the study early: tolerability ‐ leaving early due to adverse… compared with antipsychotic dose continuation (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Dose comparison: oestrogen 100 µg patch vs 200 µg patch plus progestogen

Adverse events ‐ specific side effects attributed to oestrogen over 8 months' · women with PMS

It is very uncertain whether dose comparison: oestrogen 100 µg patch changes adverse events ‐ specific side effects attributed to oestrogen over… compared with 200 µg patch plus progestogen (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Adverse effects: Acupressure versus placebo , no treatment or active controls · women with primary dysmenorrhoea

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review