Studies
Primary studies
26,293 studies included by 1,022 non-Cochrane dental reviews extracted from full text, one record per study, so a study included by several reviews is counted once. Most are randomized trials; etiology and diagnostic reviews also include observational and accuracy studies. Cochrane reviews and reviews with only their headline outcomes do not list their included studies here yet.
ReviewStudies included by Ageing effects on chemical, physical, mechanical, and morphological properties of clear aligners - a systematic review.. Show all studies
| Study | Year | Reviews | Review outcomes linked | Trial data |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chen 2023 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | 5 | 2 | not extracted yet |
| Chen et al., 2025 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | 3 | none stated | not extracted yet |
| Influence of Water Storage on the Mechanical Properties of 3D-Printed Aligners: An In Vitro Study Puchert 2026 · Puchert Kathrin, Ritzert Paul, et al. · Bioengineering DOI:10.3390/bioengineering13010021 | 2025 | 2 | 1 | not extracted yet |
| Assessment of the Effect of Thermoforming Process and Simulated Aging on the Mechanical Properties of Clear Aligner Material. Bhate 2024 · Bhate Manjiri, Nagesh Shweta · Cureus PMID:39156374 | 2024 | 2 | none stated | not extracted yet |
| In vitro analysis of the influence of the thermocycling and the applied force on orthodontic clear aligners Cintora-Lopez 2023 · Cintora-López Patricia, Arrieta-Blanco Patricia, et al. · Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology DOI:10.3389/fbioe.2023.1321495 | 2023 | 2 | none stated | not extracted yet |
| Thermoplastic Disks Used for Commercial Orthodontic Aligners: Complete Physicochemical and Mechanical Characterization Daniele 2020 · Daniele Valeria, Macera Ludovico, et al. · Materials DOI:10.3390/ma13102386 | 2020 | 2 | 1 | not extracted yet |
| Choi et al., 2025 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | 2 | none stated | not extracted yet |
| Fang et al., 2013 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | 2 | none stated | not extracted yet |
| Xiang et al. (2021) matched by author and year (probable) | NR | 2 | none stated | not extracted yet |
| Mechanical properties of thermoformed and direct-printed aligner materials after immersion in 37 °C water: a 14-day in vitro study Oyonarte et al., 2026 · Oyonarte Rodrigo, Lagos Isabel Margarita, et al. · Scientific Reports DOI:10.1038/s41598-026-36723-8 | 2026 | 1 | none stated | not extracted yet |
| Comparison of optical properties and color stability of 3-dimensional (3D) printed shape memory and thermoformed clear aligners: A single-center,… Lego et al., 2026 · Lego Toni, Malhotra Abhita, et al. · American journal of orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics : official publication of the American Association of Orthodontists, its constituent societies, and the American Board of Orthodontics PMID:41335087 | 2026 | 1 | none stated | not extracted yet |
| Changes in the cytocompatibility, surface hardness, and surface topography of 3-dimensional-printed clear aligners after clinical use. Choi et al., 2026 · Andrew Choi Eun-Hack, Mangal Utkarsh, et al. · American journal of orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics : official publication of the American Association of Orthodontists, its constituent societies, and the American Board of Orthodontics PMID:41342830 | 2026 | 1 | none stated | not extracted yet |
| Assessing colour stability of direct printed and thermoformed aligners: An in vitro study on aesthetics longevity. Perumalla et al., 2026 · Perumalla Bhavani Priya, Kandikatla Pradeep, et al. · International orthodontics PMID:41351940 | 2026 | 1 | none stated | not extracted yet |
| Effect of cigarette smoke on surface roughness and bacterial adhesion of orthodontic aligners: an in vitro investigation. Galisteu-Luiz et al., 2026 · Galisteu-Luiz Kelly, de Mendonça Copello Flávio, et al. · Clinical oral investigations PMID:41545777 | 2026 | 1 | none stated | not extracted yet |
| 3D volumetric changes and force delivery at the attachment region of different aligner materials. Taheri wt al., 2026 · Taheri R, García-Marín C, et al. · Clinical oral investigations PMID:41776087 | 2026 | 1 | none stated | not extracted yet |
| Evaluation of Mechanical Properties, Color Stability, and Cleaning Efficacy of <scp>BioMed</scp> Clear Resin‐Based Dental Aligners Safi’ai et al., 2025 · Safi'ai Aisyah, Ammarullah Muhammad Imam, et al. · Engineering Reports DOI:10.1002/eng2.70052 | 2025 | 1 | none stated | not extracted yet |
| Mechanical Behavior Analysis of PU and PETG Passive Clear Aligners under Simulated Swallowing Loads Casavola et al., 2025 · Casavola Caterina, Cianci Claudia, et al. · Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance DOI:10.1007/s11665-025-11204-7 | 2025 | 1 | none stated | not extracted yet |
| Chemical composition and in vitro staining resistance of SmartTrack and ClearQuartz multilayered orthodontic clear aligners Salvatori et al., 2025 · Salvatori Damiano, Bühler Theodor, et al. · AJO-DO Clinical Companion DOI:10.1016/j.xaor.2025.02.004 | 2025 | 1 | none stated | not extracted yet |
| Evaluation of In-Vivo Aging of 3D printed Orthodontic Aligners Sebar et al., 2025 · Es Sebar Leila, Sannino Isabella, et al. · 2025 IEEE Medical Measurements &amp; Applications (MeMeA) DOI:10.1109/memea65319.2025.11068024 | 2025 | 1 | none stated | not extracted yet |
| Dimensional Stability and Weight Change of Orthodontic Clear Aligners Exposed to Hot and Cold Beverages: An In Vitro Study Ahmed & Ismail, 2025 · Yar Ahmed Garmyan, Ismail Hadi · Advances in Polymer Technology DOI:10.1155/adv/6251993 | 2025 | 1 | none stated | not extracted yet |
| Evaluation of color stability and material surface stability of different types of clear aligners under curcumin staining in vitro He et al., 2025 · He Ketai, Xu Mingjie, et al. · BMC Oral Health DOI:10.1186/s12903-025-06225-6 | 2025 | 1 | none stated | not extracted yet |
| Comparative evaluation of the effect of different cleaning agents on colour and surface roughness of Invisalign clear aligners: a cross-over… Kılıç et al., 2025 · Kılıç Banu, Canpolat Şeymanur, et al. · BMC Oral Health DOI:10.1186/s12903-025-06928-w | 2025 | 1 | none stated | not extracted yet |
| Unveiling the resilience of aligner materials: Comparative analysis of mechanical properties across thermoforming and saliva exposure Trehan et al., 2025 · Trehan Mridula, Annie Maxwell A, et al. · Journal of Contemporary Orthodontics DOI:10.18231/j.jco.v.9.i.3.15 | 2025 | 1 | none stated | not extracted yet |
| Effect of cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption on the colour stability of various orthodontic aligners—an in vitro study Mehanaz et al., 2025 · Mehanaz, RNG Rajesh, et al. · Australasian Orthodontic Journal DOI:10.2478/aoj-2025-0012 | 2025 | 1 | none stated | not extracted yet |
| Color Stability of PET-G in Clear Aligners: Impact of Prolonged Exposure to Everyday Substances and Its Psychological and Social Implications Nicita et al., 2025 · Nicita Fabiana, Lipari Joseph, et al. · ASEC 2024 DOI:10.3390/engproc2025087050 | 2025 | 1 | none stated | not extracted yet |
| Mechanical and Physical Properties of Zendura Flx™ after One and Two Weeks of Thermoformed Aligner Therapy: A Prospective Clinical Study El-Kabbany & Mohamed, 2026 · El-Kabbany Sara, Mohamed Inas M. · Journal of Nature and Science of Medicine DOI:10.4103/jnsm.jnsm_154_24 | 2025 | 1 | none stated | not extracted yet |
| The Mechanical Properties of Orthodontic Aligners of Clear Aligner After Intraoral Use in Different Time Periods. Siotou et al., 2025 · Siotou Kalliopi, Chountalas Theofanis, et al. · Orthodontics & craniofacial research PMID:39441556 | 2025 | 1 | none stated | not extracted yet |
| Comparative color stability assessment of orthodontic clear aligners: an in vitro study. Ajwa et al., 2025 · Ajwa Nancy, Radhi Fatimah, et al. · Scientific reports PMID:39814781 | 2025 | 1 | none stated | not extracted yet |
| Experimental assessment of damage and microplastic release during cyclic loading of clear aligners. Barile et al., 2025 · Barile Claudia, Cianci Claudia, et al. · PloS one PMID:39908302 | 2025 | 1 | none stated | not extracted yet |
| Effects of printing layer thickness and build orientation on the mechanical properties and color stability of 3D-printed clear aligners. Wu et al., 2025 · Wu Chengzan, Mangal Utkarsh, et al. · The Angle orthodontist PMID:40037401 | 2025 | 1 | none stated | not extracted yet |
| Effects of simulated intraoral temperatures and wet environments on the stress relaxation properties of thermoplastic aligner materials. Cui et al., 2025 · Cui Xinyu, Li Fengru, et al. · Head & face medicine PMID:40165243 | 2025 | 1 | none stated | not extracted yet |
| Chemical, optical, and morphological properties of TPU and PET-G samples after aging in artificial saliva: an in vitro study. Staderini et al., 2025 · Staderini Edoardo, Chiusolo Giuseppe, et al. · BMC oral health PMID:40217188 | 2025 | 1 | none stated | not extracted yet |
| Absorption and desorption dynamics of thermoformed and 3-dimensional-printed orthodontic aligners. Šimunović et al., 2025b · Šimunović Luka, Miličević Ana Marija, et al. · American journal of orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics : official publication of the American Association of Orthodontists, its constituent societies, and the American Board of Orthodontics PMID:40366328 | 2025 | 1 | none stated | not extracted yet |
| Impact of various cleaning protocols on the physical and aesthetic properties of 3D-printed orthodontic aligners. Simunovic et al., 2025a · Šimunović Luka, Pečanić Paula, et al. · Scientific reports PMID:40447765 | 2025 | 1 | none stated | not extracted yet |
| Effect of elevated beverage temperatures on the physical and mechanical properties of invisalign clear aligners: an in-vitro simulation study. Alwaneen & Alqahtani, 2025a · Alweneen Athar, Alqahtani Nasser · The Saudi dental journal PMID:40495071 | 2025 | 1 | none stated | not extracted yet |
| The Effectiveness of Different Cleaning Methods for Clear Orthodontic Aligners: Impacts on Physical, Mechanical, and Chemical Properties-An In Vivo… Alwaneen & Alqahtani, 2025b · Alweneen Athar, Alqahtani Nasser · Polymers PMID:40574148 | 2025 | 1 | none stated | not extracted yet |
| Color stability of clear aligners exposed to various beverages: an in vitro study. Kobkiatkawin et al., 2025 · Kobkiatkawin Chanakarn, Panyayong Woraphong, et al. · BMC oral health PMID:40596984 | 2025 | 1 | none stated | not extracted yet |
| Mechanical and viscoelastic properties of a temperature-responsive photocurable resin for 3D printed orthodontic clear aligners. Choi et al., 2025 · Choi Jin Young, Kim Hoon, et al. · Scientific reports PMID:40604113 | 2025 | 1 | none stated | not extracted yet |
| Comparative Evaluation of Mechanical Properties of Clear Aligner Biosheet Materials -An In Vitro Study. Kusum et al., 2025 · Kusum Pallavi, Sharma Shantanu, et al. · Journal of pharmacy & bioallied sciences PMID:40655832 | 2025 | 1 | none stated | not extracted yet |
| Dimensional stability of pet-g clear aligners with different thickness through cyclic compressive load tests: An in vitro study. Lorusso et al., 2025 · Lorusso Mauro, Tepedino Michele, et al. · Journal of clinical and experimental dentistry PMID:40823117 | 2025 | 1 | none stated | not extracted yet |
| Comparative mechanical performance of thermoplastic materials for clear aligners under simulated oral conditions. Liu et al., 2025 · Liu Miao, Wang Yajie, et al. · Korean journal of orthodontics PMID:40984696 | 2025 | 1 | none stated | not extracted yet |
| Effect of aging and mechanical brushing on color stability and translucency of three-dimensionally printed and thermoformed aligners of different… Fidan & Gelgor, 2026 · Fidan Muhammet, Gelgor Ibrahim Erhan · The Angle orthodontist PMID:41015424 | 2025 | 1 | none stated | not extracted yet |
| Evaluation of aging effects on the physical, chemical, and mechanical properties of thermoplastic materials for orthodontic clear aligners: an in… Arabpour et al., 2025 · Arabpour Fatemeh, Aghili Hossein Agha, et al. · BMC oral health PMID:41063132 | 2025 | 1 | none stated | not extracted yet |
| Advances in clear aligner therapy: comparative evaluation of the optical properties and bacterial adhesion of 3D direct-printed and thermoformed… Chen et al., 2025 · Chen Daniel De-Shing, Peng Tzu-Yu, et al. · Progress in orthodontics PMID:41410724 | 2025 | 1 | none stated | not extracted yet |
| Effect of thermomechanical aging on force system of orthodontic aligners made of different thermoformed materials Elshazly et al., 2025 · Elshazly Tarek M., Keilig Ludger, et al. · Journal of Orofacial Orthopedics / Fortschritte der Kieferorthopädie DOI:10.1007/s00056-024-00527-0 | 2024 | 1 | none stated | not extracted yet |
| Biomechanical aging behaviour of clear aligners Mei et al., 2024 · Mei Li, Jin Carrol, et al. · Australasian Orthodontic Journal DOI:10.2478/aoj-2024-0006 | 2024 | 1 | none stated | not extracted yet |
| Evaluation of mechanical changes to clear aligners caused by exposure to different liquids Sari et al., 2024 · Sarı Tarık, Camcı Hasan, et al. · Australasian Orthodontic Journal DOI:10.2478/aoj-2024-0022 | 2024 | 1 | none stated | not extracted yet |
| Physical and chemical changes of clear aligners after thermoforming and intraoral exposure Dalaie et al., 2024 · Dalaie Kazem, Rafsanjan Katayoun Talebi, et al. · APOS Trends in Orthodontics DOI:10.25259/apos_169_2023 | 2024 | 1 | none stated | not extracted yet |
| Comparison of stress relaxation properties between 3-dimensional printed and thermoformed orthodontic aligners: A pilot study of <i>in vitro</i>… Cremonini et al., 2024 · Cremonini Francesca, Brucculeri Luca, et al. · APOS Trends in Orthodontics DOI:10.25259/apos_201_2023 | 2024 | 1 | none stated | not extracted yet |
| Chemical-Physical Characterization of PET-G-Based Material for Orthodontic Use: Preliminary Evaluation of micro-Raman Analysis. Nicita et al., 2024 · Nicita Fabiana, D'Amico Cesare, et al. · European journal of dentistry PMID:37247624 | 2024 | 1 | none stated | not extracted yet |