Studies
Primary studies
5,083 studies included by 199 non-Cochrane dental reviews extracted from full text, one record per study, so a study included by several reviews is counted once. Most are randomized trials; etiology and diagnostic reviews also include observational and accuracy studies. Cochrane reviews and reviews with only their headline outcomes do not list their included studies here yet.
| Study | Year | Reviews | Review outcomes linked | Trial data |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| The potential benefits of sugar‐free chewing gum on the oral health and quality of life of older people living in the community: a randomized… Al-Haboubi 2012 · Al‐Haboubi M, Zoitopoulos L, et al. · Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0528.2012.00685.x | 2012 | 2 | 1 | not extracted yet |
| The Effect of Chlorhexidine/Xylitol Chewing-Gum on Cariogenic Salivary Microflora: A Clinical Trial in Elderly Patients Simons 1997 · Simons D., Kidd E.A.M., et al. · Caries Research DOI:10.1159/000262382 | 2009 | 2 | none stated | not extracted yet |
| A Comparative Evaluation of Xylitol Chewing Gum and a Combination of IgY + Xylitol Chewable Tablet on Salivary Streptococcus mutans Count in… Jain et al. 2022 · Jain Rashi L, Tandon Sandeep, et al. · International journal of clinical pediatric dentistry PMID:35645521 | 2022 | 1 | 1 | not extracted yet |
| A RandomisEd ControLled TrIal of ChEwing Gum to RelieVE Thirst in Chronic Heart Failure (RELIEVE-CHF) Allida 2021 · Allida Sabine M., Shehab Sajad, et al. · Heart, Lung and Circulation DOI:10.1016/j.hlc.2020.09.004 | 2021 | 1 | none stated | not extracted yet |
| Simple oral exercise with chewing gum for improving oral function in older adults Kim 2021 · Kim Hyo-Jung, Lee Joo-Young, et al. · Aging Clinical and Experimental Research DOI:10.1007/s40520-020-01606-z | 2020 | 1 | 1 | not extracted yet |
| A randomized phase III trial for alleviating radiation-induced xerostomia with chewing gum Kaae 2020 · Kaae Julie Killerup, Stenfeldt Lone, et al. · Radiotherapy and Oncology DOI:10.1016/j.radonc.2019.09.013 | 2020 | 1 | none stated | not extracted yet |
| The effect of chewing gum on dry mouth, interdialytic weight gain, and intradialytic symptoms: A prospective, randomized controlled trial Ozen 2021 · Ozen Nurten, Aydin Sayilan Aylin, et al. · Hemodialysis International DOI:10.1111/hdi.12878 | 2020 | 1 | 1 | not extracted yet |
| Effects of xylitol in chewing gum on dental plaque and Streptococcus mutans Wang 2006 · Wang Y.-B., Chuang C.-Y., et al. · Journal of Food and Drug Analysis DOI:10.38212/2224-6614.2504 | 2020 | 1 | 1 | not extracted yet |
| Menthol chewing gum on preoperative thirst management: randomized clinical trial. Garcia 2019 · Garcia Aline Korki Arrabal, Furuya Rejane Kiyomi, et al. · Revista latino-americana de enfermagem PMID:31596415 | 2019 | 1 | none stated | not extracted yet |
| Effectiveness of xylitol and polyol chewing gum on salivary streptococcus mutans in children: A randomized controlled trial Aluckal et al. 2018 · Aluckal Eby, Ankola AnilV · Indian Journal of Dental Research DOI:10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_307_16 | 2018 | 1 | 1 | not extracted yet |
| Effectiveness of xylitol and polyol chewing gum on salivary streptococcus mutans in children: A randomized controlled trial. Aluckal 2018 · Aluckal Eby, Ankola Anil V · Indian journal of dental research : official publication of Indian Society for Dental Research PMID:30127194 | 2018 | 1 | none stated | not extracted yet |
| Supplementation of xylitol-containing chewing gum with probiotics: a double blind, randomised pilot study focusing on saliva flow and saliva… Gueimonde 2016 · Gueimonde Laura, Vesterlund Satu, et al. · Food & Function DOI:10.1039/c5fo01497b | 2016 | 1 | none stated | not extracted yet |
| The Null Effect of Chewing Gum During Hemodialysis on Dry Mouth Duruk & Eser 2016 · Duruk Nazike, Eşer Ismet · Clinical Nurse Specialist DOI:10.1097/nur.0000000000000234 | 2016 | 1 | none stated | not extracted yet |
| Xerostomia after Radiotherapy for Oral and Oropharyngeal Cancer: Increasing Salivary Flow with Tasteless Sugar-free Chewing Gum. Kaae 2016 · Kaae Julie Killerup, Stenfeldt Lone, et al. · Frontiers in oncology PMID:27200297 | 2016 | 1 | none stated | not extracted yet |
| Effects of gum chewing exercises on saliva secretion and occlusal force in community‐dwelling elderly individuals: A pilot study Nakagawa 2017 · Nakagawa Kazuharu, Matsuo Koichiro, et al. · Geriatrics & Gerontology International DOI:10.1111/ggi.12670 | 2015 | 1 | none stated | not extracted yet |
| Effects of short-term xylitol gum chewing on the oral microbiome. Soderling 2015 · Söderling Eva, ElSalhy Mohamed, et al. · Clinical oral investigations PMID:24663814 | 2015 | 1 | none stated | not extracted yet |
| The effect of two types chewing gum containing casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate and xylitol on salivary Streptococcus mutans. Emamieh et al. 2015 · Emamieh Shila, Khaterizadeh Yosra, et al. · Journal of conservative dentistry : JCD PMID:26069402 | 2015 | 1 | none stated | not extracted yet |
| Effects of short-term xylitol gum chewing on the oral microbiome Soderling et al. 2015 · Söderling Eva, ElSalhy Mohamed, et al. · Clinical Oral Investigations DOI:10.1007/s00784-014-1229-y | 2014 | 1 | 1 | not extracted yet |
| Effects of sugar‐free chewing gum sweetened with xylitol or maltitol on the development of gingivitis and plaque: <i>a randomized clinical trial</i> Keukenmeester 2014 · Keukenmeester RS, Slot DE, et al. · International Journal of Dental Hygiene DOI:10.1111/idh.12071 | 2014 | 1 | 1 | not extracted yet |
| Three Months of Regular Gum Chewing Neither Alleviates Xerostomia nor Reduces Overhydration in Chronic Hemodialysis Patients Jagodzinska 2011 · Jagodzińska Marta, Zimmer-Nowicka Joanna, et al. · Journal of Renal Nutrition DOI:10.1053/j.jrn.2010.08.002 | 2011 | 1 | none stated | not extracted yet |
| Morphological changes in Streptococcus mutans after chewing gum containing xylitol for twelve months. Lee 2009 · Lee Young-Eun, Choi Youn-Hee, et al. · Current microbiology PMID:19085034 | 2009 | 1 | none stated | not extracted yet |
| Morphological Changes in Streptococcus mutans After Chewing Gum Containing Xylitol for Twelve Months Lee et al. 2009 · Lee Young-Eun, Choi Youn-Hee, et al. · Current Microbiology DOI:10.1007/s00284-008-9332-4 | 2008 | 1 | 1 | not extracted yet |
| Thirty-nine-month xylitol chewing-gum programme in initially 8-year-old school children: a feasibility study focusing on mutans streptococci and… Makinen et al. 2008 · Mäkinen Kauko K., Alanen Pentti, et al. · International Dental Journal DOI:10.1111/j.1875-595x.2008.tb00175.x | 2008 | 1 | none stated | not extracted yet |
| Thirty-nine-month xylitol chewing-gum programme in initially 8-year-old school children: a feasibility study focusing on mutans streptococci and… Makinen 2008 · Mäkinen Kauko K, Alanen Pentti, et al. · International dental journal PMID:18350853 | 2008 | 1 | none stated | not extracted yet |
| Effect of chewing gums containing xylitol or probiotic bacteria on salivary mutans streptococci and lactobacilli Caglar et al. 2007 · Çaglar E., Kavaloglu S. C., et al. · Clinical Oral Investigations DOI:10.1007/s00784-007-0129-9 | 2007 | 1 | none stated | not extracted yet |
| Dental plaque formation and salivary mutans streptococci in schoolchildren after use of xylitol-containing chewing gum. Holgerson 2007 · Holgerson Pernilla Lif, Sjöström Inger, et al. · International journal of paediatric dentistry PMID:17263856 | 2007 | 1 | none stated | not extracted yet |
| Effect of chewing gums containing xylitol or probiotic bacteria on salivary mutans streptococci and lactobacilli. Caglar 2007 · Caglar E, Kavaloglu S C, et al. · Clinical oral investigations PMID:17574481 | 2007 | 1 | none stated | not extracted yet |
| Dental plaque formation and salivary mutans streptococci in schoolchildren after use of xylitol‐containing chewing gum Holgerson et al. 2006 · HOLGERSON PERNILLA LIF, SJÖSTRÖM INGER, et al. · International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry DOI:10.1111/j.1365-263x.2006.00808.x | 2006 | 1 | 1 | not extracted yet |
| Mutans streptococci dose response to xylitol chewing gum. Milgrom et al. 2006 · Milgrom P, Ly K A, et al. · Journal of dental research PMID:16434738 | 2006 | 1 | 1 | not extracted yet |
| Linear response of mutans streptococci to increasing frequency of xylitol chewing gum use: a randomized controlled trial [ISRCTN43479664]. Ly et al. 2006 · Ly Kiet A, Milgrom Peter, et al. · BMC oral health PMID:16556326 | 2006 | 1 | none stated | not extracted yet |
| Chewing gum and a saliva substitute alleviate thirst and xerostomia in patients on haemodialysis Bots 2005b · Bots C. P., Brand H. S., et al. · Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation DOI:10.1093/ndt/gfh675 | 2005 | 1 | 1 | not extracted yet |
| Six-month polyol chewing-gum programme in kindergarten-age children: a feasibility study focusing on mutans streptococci and dental plaque Makinen et al. 2005 · Mäkinen Kauko K., Isotupa Kauko P., et al. · International Dental Journal DOI:10.1111/j.1875-595x.2005.tb00038.x | 2005 | 1 | none stated | not extracted yet |
| The management of xerostomia in patients on haemodialysis: comparison of artificial saliva and chewing gum Bots 2005a · Bots Casper P, Brand Henk S, et al. · Palliative Medicine DOI:10.1191/0269216305pm1009oa | 2005 | 1 | none stated | not extracted yet |
| Six-month polyol chewing-gum programme in kindergarten-age children: a feasibility study focusing on mutans streptococci and dental plaque. Mäkinen 2005 · Mäkinen Kauko K, Isotupa Kauko P, et al. · International dental journal PMID:15880962 | 2005 | 1 | none stated | not extracted yet |
| Salivary mutans streptococci and dental caries in three-year-old children after maternal exposure to chewing gums containing combinations of… Thorild et al. 2004 · Thorild Ingrid, Lindau Britt, et al. · Acta Odontologica Scandinavica DOI:10.1080/00016350410001676 | 2004 | 1 | none stated | not extracted yet |
| Can school‐based oral health education and a sugar‐free chewing gum program improve oral health? Results from a two‐year study in PR China Peng et al. 2004 · Peng Bin, Petersen Poul Erik, et al. · Acta Odontologica Scandinavica DOI:10.1080/00016350410010036 | 2004 | 1 | none stated | not extracted yet |
| Salivary mutans streptococci and dental caries in three-year-old children after maternal exposure to chewing gums containing combinations of… Thorild 2004 · Thorild Ingrid, Lindau Britt, et al. · Acta odontologica Scandinavica PMID:15841810 | 2004 | 1 | none stated | not extracted yet |
| Can school-based oral health education and a sugar-free chewing gum program improve oral health? Results from a two-year study in PR China. Peng et al. 2004 · Peng Bin, Petersen Poul Erik, et al. · Acta odontologica Scandinavica PMID:15848976 | 2004 | 1 | none stated | not extracted yet |
| The effect of xylitol chewing gum on mutans streptococci in saliva and dental plaque. Thaweboon et al. 2004 · Thaweboon Sroisiri, Thaweboon Boonyanit, et al. · The Southeast Asian journal of tropical medicine and public health PMID:15916109 | 2004 | 1 | 1 | not extracted yet |
| The Effect of Medicated Chewing Gums on Oral Health in Frail Older People: A 1‐Year Clinical Trial Simons 2002 · Simons Debra, Brailsford Susan R., et al. · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society DOI:10.1046/j.1532-5415.2002.50355.x | 2002 | 1 | none stated | not extracted yet |
| Effect of xylitol chewing gum on salivary Streptococcus mutans in preschool children. Autio et al. 2002 · Autio Jaana T · ASDC journal of dentistry for children PMID:12119821 | 2002 | 1 | none stated | not extracted yet |
| The effect of chlorhexidine acetate/xylitol chewing gum on the plaque and gingival indices of elderly occupants in residential homes. A 1-year… Simons 2001 · Simons D., Brailsford S., et al. · Journal of Clinical Periodontology DOI:10.1034/j.1600-051x.2001.281104.x | 2001 | 1 | 1 | not extracted yet |
| A comparison of artificial saliva and chewing gum in the management of xerostomia in patients with advanced cancer Davies 2000 · Davies Andrew N · Palliative Medicine DOI:10.1191/026921600672294077 | 2000 | 1 | none stated | not extracted yet |
| The effect of chlorhexidine/xylitol chewing-gum on cariogenic salivary microflora: a clinical trial in elderly patients. Simons 1997 · Simons D, Kidd E A, et al. · Caries research PMID:9118190 | 1997 | 1 | none stated | not extracted yet |
| Salivary stimulation by chewing gum and lozenges in rheumatic patients with xerostomia Risheim & Arneberg 1993 · Risheim Helge, Arneberg Pål · European Journal of Oral Sciences DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0722.1993.tb01644.x | 1993 | 1 | 1 | not extracted yet |
| Long-term effect of xylitol chewing gum in the prevention of dental caries: a follow-up 5 years after termination of a prevention program. Isokangas et al. 1993 · Isogangas P, Mäkinen K K, et al. · Caries research PMID:8281565 | 1993 | 1 | none stated | not extracted yet |
| The effect of a chewing gum on salivary secretion, oral mucosal friction, and the feeling of dry mouth in xerostomic patients Olsson 1991 · Olsson Håkan, Spak Carl-Johan, et al. · Acta Odontologica Scandinavica DOI:10.3109/00016359109005919 | 1991 | 1 | none stated | not extracted yet |
| A 24-month Clinical Study of the Incidence and Progression of Dental Caries in Relation to Consumption of Chewing Gum Containing Xylitol in School… Kandelman 1990 · Kandelman D., Gagnon G. · Journal of Dental Research DOI:10.1177/00220345900690111201 | 1990 | 1 | 1 | not extracted yet |
| The effect of chewing xylitol gum on the plaque and saliva levels of Streptococcus mutans Loesche et al. 1984 · Loesche Walter J., Grossman Natalie S., et al. · The Journal of the American Dental Association DOI:10.14219/jada.archive.1984.0390 | 1984 | 1 | none stated | not extracted yet |
| The effect of chewing xylitol gum on the plaque and saliva levels of Streptococcus mutans. Loesche 1984 · Loesche W J, Grossman N S, et al. · Journal of the American Dental Association (1939) PMID:6427315 | 1984 | 1 | none stated | not extracted yet |