Non-Cochrane · intervention · PM42116126
Marginal and internal fit of CAD/CAM restorations with CAD-defined cement space: a meta-analysis of micro-CT studies.
Yılmaz Bahar Kavafoğlu, Hocagil Tuğba Akkaya, Tamam Evşen · BMC oral health · 2026 · PubMed · doi:10.1186/s12903-026-08541-x
Findings
Population Fixed CAD/CAM restorations (crowns, partial crowns, bridges) on tooth, typodont or die supports
10 findings
| CAD/CAM restorations with a numerically predefined cement space set at the CAD design stage | None (single-group pooled mean) | Internal fit measured by micro-CT (um) Not specified · Laboratory (in vitro) | Pooled mean (um) 138.57 [122.56, 154.58] GRADE not reported 37 studies |
| CAD/CAM restorations with a numerically predefined cement space set at the CAD design stage | None (single-group pooled mean) | Marginal fit measured by micro-CT (um) Not specified · Laboratory (in vitro) | Pooled mean (um) 105.66 [91.55, 119.78] GRADE not reported 41 studies |
| CAD/CAM restorations with a numerically predefined cement space set at the CAD design stage | None (single-group pooled mean); subgroup contrast of reported fit values across studies | Internal fit measured by micro-CT (um) Not specified · Laboratory (in vitro) · Cemented samples | Pooled mean (um) 181.87 [145.65, 218.09] GRADE not reported 5 studies |
| CAD/CAM restorations with a numerically predefined cement space set at the CAD design stage | None (single-group pooled mean); subgroup contrast of reported fit values across studies | Marginal fit measured by micro-CT (um) Not specified · Laboratory (in vitro) · Cemented samples | Pooled mean (um) 137.67 [78.0, 197.33] GRADE not reported 6 studies |
| CAD/CAM restorations with a numerically predefined cement space set at the CAD design stage | None (single-group pooled mean); subgroup contrast of reported fit values across studies | Internal fit measured by micro-CT (um) Not specified · Laboratory (in vitro) · Non-cemented samples | Pooled mean (um) 131.67 [115.21, 148.12] GRADE not reported 32 studies |
| CAD/CAM restorations with a numerically predefined cement space set at the CAD design stage | None (single-group pooled mean); subgroup contrast of reported fit values across studies | Marginal fit measured by micro-CT (um) Not specified · Laboratory (in vitro) · Non-cemented samples | Pooled mean (um) 103.19 [88.44, 117.93] GRADE not reported 35 studies |
| CAD/CAM restorations with a numerically predefined cement space set at the CAD design stage | None (single-group pooled mean); subgroup contrast of reported fit values across studies | Marginal fit measured by micro-CT (um) Not specified · Laboratory (in vitro) · Extraoral scanner (EOS) | Pooled mean (um) 102.79 [77.46, 128.12] GRADE not reported 20 studies |
| CAD/CAM restorations with a numerically predefined cement space set at the CAD design stage | None (single-group pooled mean); subgroup contrast of reported fit values across studies | Internal fit measured by micro-CT (um) Not specified · Laboratory (in vitro) · Extraoral scanner (EOS) | Pooled mean (um) 132.04 [112.01, 152.07] GRADE not reported 20 studies |
| CAD/CAM restorations with a numerically predefined cement space set at the CAD design stage | None (single-group pooled mean); subgroup contrast of reported fit values across studies | Internal fit measured by micro-CT (um) Not specified · Laboratory (in vitro) · Intraoral scanner (IOS) | Pooled mean (um) 148.02 [121.56, 174.48] GRADE not reported 15 studies |
| CAD/CAM restorations with a numerically predefined cement space set at the CAD design stage | None (single-group pooled mean); subgroup contrast of reported fit values across studies | Marginal fit measured by micro-CT (um) Not specified · Laboratory (in vitro) · Intraoral scanner (IOS) | Pooled mean (um) 109.83 [95.59, 124.06] GRADE not reported 17 studies |
Included primary studies 79
Open in Studies| Study | Year | Also included by | Outcomes it informs here | Trial data |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Attia 2023 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Bandiaky 2023 Marginal and internal fit of five-unit zirconia-based fixed dental prostheses fabricated with digital scans and conventional impressions:… PMID:36627825 | 2023 | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Ekici 2021 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Park 2019 Effects of Printing Parameters on the Fit of Implant-Supported 3D Printing Resin Prosthetics. PMID:31395801 | 2019 | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Abduljawad 2022 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Abduljawad 2022 Marginal and internal fit of lithium disilicate endocrowns fabricated using conventional, digital, and combination techniques. PMID:35294099 | 2022 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Akat 2022 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Akat 2022 Does cad software affect the marginal and internal fit of milled full ceramic crowns? PMID:35293507 | 2022 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Alajaji 2017 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Alajaji 2017 Micro-CT Evaluation of Ceramic Inlays: Comparison of the Marginal and Internal Fit of Five and Three Axis CAM Systems with a Heat Press… PMID:27680508 | 2017 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Aldahian 2021 Influence of Conventional, CAD-CAM, and 3D Printing Fabrication Techniques on the Marginal Integrity and Surface Roughness and Wear of… DOI:10.3390/app11198964 | 2021 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Aldahian 2021 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Alharbi 2018 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Alharbi 2018 Three-dimensional evaluation of marginal and internal fit of 3D-printed interim restorations fabricated on different finish line designs. PMID:29032176 | 2018 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| ArRejaie 2018 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| ArRejaie 2018 Internal Fit and Marginal Gap Evaluation of Zirconia Copings Using Microcomputed Tomography: An In Vitro Analysis. PMID:29077775 | 2018 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Atlas 2024 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Atlas 2024 Comparison of loupes versus microscope-enhanced CAD-CAM crown preparations: A microcomputed tomography analysis of marginal gaps. PMID:35643825 | 2024 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Attia 2023 Micro-CT analysis of marginal and internal fit of milled and pressed polyetheretherketone single crowns. PMID:37072286 | 2023 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Bandiaky 2023 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Bayrak 2021 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Bayrak 2021 Micro-Computed Tomography Analysis of Fit of Ceramic Inlays Produced with Different CAD Software Programs. PMID:33393742 | 2021 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Borba 2013 Evaluation of the adaptation of zirconia-based fixed partial dentures using micro-CT technology. PMID:24036977 | 2013 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Cunali 2017 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Cunali 2017 Marginal and Internal Adaptation of Zirconia Crowns: A Comparative Study of Assessment Methods. PMID:29160399 | 2017 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Daou 2024 Does the choice of the measuring technique affect the comparison of fit between zirconia and cobalt-chromium prostheses? PMID:38650346 | 2024 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Dauti 2018 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Dauti 2018 Micro-CT evaluation of marginal and internal fit of cemented polymer infiltrated ceramic network material crowns manufactured after… PMID:29891419 | 2019 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Dauti 2020 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Dauti 2020 Influence of two different cement space settings and three different cement types on the fit of polymer-infiltrated ceramic network… PMID:31515700 | 2020 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Ekici 2021 Micro-CT Evaluation of the Marginal and Internal Fit of Crown and Inlay Restorations Fabricated Via Different Digital Scanners belonging… PMID:33751000 | 2021 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Elbadawy 2021 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Elbadawy 2021 Effect of various digital cement space settings on the adaptation of CAD/CAM occlusal veneer "micro-ct evaluation". PMID:33390385 | 2021 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Elbadawy 2022 MicroCT evaluation for CAD/CAM occlusal veneer fit using two materials and three cement space settings. PMID:36043571 | 2022 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Ferrairo 2021 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Ferrairo 2021 Comparison of marginal adaptation and internal fit of monolithic lithium disilicate crowns produced by 4 different CAD/CAM systems. PMID:32783095 | 2021 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Freitas 2020 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Freitas 2020 Adaptation accuracy of milled lithium disilicate crowns: A 2D and 3D microCT analysis. PMID:32091666 | 2020 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Hassouneh 2023 A Micro-computed Tomography Analysis of Marginal and Internal Fit of Endocrowns Fabricated from Three CAD/CAM Materials. PMID:36445975 | 2023 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Jalalian 2023 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Jalalian 2023 Assessment of Marginal and Internal Adaptation in Provisional Crowns Utilizing Three Distinct Materials. PMID:38238272 | 2023 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Kim 2016 Fit of lithium disilicate crowns fabricated from conventional and digital impressions assessed with micro-CT. PMID:27422237 | 2016 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| L36445975Hassouneh 2023 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Nagi 2023 Comparative evaluation of internal fit and marginal gap of endocrowns using lithium disilicate and polyether ether ketone materials - an… PMID:37029396 | 2023 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Oğuz 2021 Marginal and internal fit of feldspathic ceramic CAD/CAM crowns fabricated via different extraoral digitization methods: a micro-computed… PMID:33104952 | 2021 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Peng 2020 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Peng 2020 Assessment of the Adaptation of Interim Crowns using Different Measurement Techniques. PMID:31702087 | 2020 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Pereira 2024 Evaluation of Marginal Fit of CAD/CAM Ceramic Crowns and Scanning Time Using Different Intraoral Scanning Systems. PMID:39728159 | 2024 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| PMC6145157Saab 2018 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| PMC6617221Son 2019 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| PMC9645188Elbadawy 2022 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| PMC9733092Zheng 2022 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| PMC10082505Nagi 2023 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| PMC11129817Daou 2024 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| PMC11677190Pereira 2024 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| PMC672049731395801Park 2019 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| PMC1009672837050329Toma 2023 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Prudenta 2018 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Prudenta 2018 Influence of scanner, powder application, and adjustments on CAD-CAM crown misfit. PMID:28689912 | 2018 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Rezende 2017 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Rezende 2017 Dimensional changes from the sintering process and fit of Y-TZP copings: Micro-CT analysis. PMID:28939084 | 2017 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Rizonaki 2022 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Rizonaki 2022 Evaluation of marginal and internal fit of lithium disilicate CAD-CAM crowns with different finish lines by using a micro-CT technique. PMID:33541816 | 2022 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| S1806-8324201300050000324036977Borba 2013 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Saab 2018 Micro-CT Analysis of Y-TZP Copings Made by Different CAD/CAM Systems: Marginal and Internal Fit. PMID:30254675 | 2018 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Silveira 2017 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Silveira 2017 Marginal and internal fit of CAD-CAM-fabricated composite resin and ceramic crowns scanned by 2 intraoral cameras. PMID:27677214 | 2017 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Son 2019 A Comparison Study of Marginal and Internal Fit Assessment Methods for Fixed Dental Prostheses. PMID:31159460 | 2019 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Tabata 2020 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Tabata 2020 Marginal and internal fit of CAD-CAM composite resin and ceramic crowns before and after internal adjustment. PMID:31307805 | 2020 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Tamam 2023 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Tamam 2023 Effect of different preparation finishing procedures on the marginal and internal fit of CAD-CAM-produced restorations: A microcomputed… PMID:34974905 | 2023 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Toma 2023 Micro-CT Marginal and Internal Fit Evaluation of CAD/CAM High-Performance Polymer Onlay Restorations. PMID:37050329 | 2023 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Topkara 2022 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Topkara 2022 Examining the adaptation of modified endocrowns prepared with CAD-CAM in maxillary and mandibular molars: A microcomputed tomography study. PMID:33454117 | 2022 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Vág 2020 Marginal and internal fit of full ceramic crowns milled using CADCAM systems on cadaver full arch scans. PMID:32631333 | 2020 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Yildirim 2017 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Yildirim 2017 Evaluation of marginal and internal adaptation of hybrid and nanoceramic systems with microcomputed tomography: An in vitro study. PMID:28089331 | 2017 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Zheng 2022 Effect of virtual cement space and restorative materials on the adaptation of CAD-CAM endocrowns. PMID:36494663 | 2022 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
Overlap with other reviews
Reviews that include the same primary studies are not independent evidence. Shared counts match studies by PMID, DOI or NCT, and otherwise by author and year (a probable match). Only the non-Cochrane dental reviews have study lists, so overlap with Cochrane reviews is not counted yet.
Review question
| Element | Planned (methods) | Found (results) |
|---|---|---|
| Population | Fixed prosthetic restorations produced with CAD/CAM | CAD/CAM fixed restorations: full crowns (n=26), partial crowns (n=9), bridges (n=4) |
| Intervention | Studies in which the cement gap is determined at the design stage and given numerically | Predefined cement space (mean 67.8 um, range 0 to 120 um) with micro-CT (n=41) |
| Comparison | Reported marginal and internal fit values compared across experimental conditions (scanner type, cementation status) | Cemented (n=6 marginal, 5 internal) vs non-cemented; EOS (n=20) vs IOS (n=17 marginal, 15 internal) |
| Outcomes | Marginal and internal fit | Marginal fit (41 datasets) and internal fit (37 datasets) |
| Study designs | In vitro studies using only micro-CT for fit analysis | In vitro studies (n=41) |
| Timing | Studies published 2013 to 2024 | Not specified |
AMSTAR 2 items
Two independent extractors rated each item. Their ratings are shown side by side because they have not been reconciled yet. The overall rating follows Shea et al. 2017: one critical flaw gives Low, more than one gives Critically Low.
| Item | Extractor A | Extractor B | Agree |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1Research question includes PICO components | Yes | Yes | yes |
| 2Protocol established before the reviewcritical | No | No | yes |
| 3Choice of study designs explained | No | No | yes |
| 4Comprehensive literature searchcritical | Partial Yes | No | no |
| 5Study selection in duplicate | Yes | No | no |
| 6Data extraction in duplicate | Yes | Yes | yes |
| 7List of excluded studies with reasonscritical | No | No | yes |
| 8Included studies described in detail | Yes | Partial Yes | no |
| 9Risk of bias assessed satisfactorilycritical | RCT: Partial Yes · NRSI: Partial Yes | NRSI: Partial Yes · RCT: N/A | no |
| 10Funding of included studies reported | No | No | yes |
| 11Appropriate meta-analysis methodscritical | RCT: Yes · NRSI: Partial Yes | NRSI: Yes · RCT: N/A | no |
| 12Impact of risk of bias on the pooled results | No | No | yes |
| 13Risk of bias accounted for in interpretationcritical | No | Yes | no |
| 14Heterogeneity explained | Yes | Yes | yes |
| 15Publication bias investigatedcritical | No | No | yes |
| 16Conflicts of interest reported | Yes | Yes | yes |
| Overall | Critically Low | Critically Low | yes |