Non-Cochrane · intervention · PM41832465
The effect of build orientation on the marginal and internal fit of 3-D printed provisional fixed dental prosthesis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Altoman Majed S · BMC oral health · 2026 · PubMed · doi:10.1186/s12903-026-08094-z
Findings
6 findings
| Population | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Single 3D-printed provisional resin crowns | Printing at 45 degree build orientation | Printing at 0 degree build orientation | Marginal fit (marginal discrepancy, um) Not applicable · In vitro (laboratory specimens); heterogeneity I2 = 86% (p = 0.0009) | MD -14.02 [-14.58, -13.45] Moderate Downgraded: risk of bias 2 studies · 210 participants |
| Single 3D-printed provisional resin crowns | Printing at 90 degree build orientation | Printing at 0 degree build orientation | Marginal fit (marginal discrepancy, um) Not applicable · In vitro (laboratory specimens); heterogeneity I2 = 91% (p < 0.00001) | MD -31.97 [-32.57, -31.38] Moderate Downgraded: risk of bias 2 studies · 210 participants |
| Three-unit 3D-printed provisional resin fixed dental prostheses | Printing at 90 degree build orientation | Printing at 0 degree build orientation | Marginal fit (marginal discrepancy, um) Not applicable · In vitro (laboratory specimens); heterogeneity I2 = 98% (p < 0.00001) | MD -15.52 [-17.5, -13.55] Moderate Downgraded: risk of bias 2 studies · 168 participants |
| Three-unit 3D-printed provisional resin fixed dental prostheses | Printing at 90 degree build orientation | Printing at 0 degree build orientation | Internal fit (internal discrepancy, um) Not applicable · In vitro (laboratory specimens); heterogeneity I2 = 86% (p = 0.0008) | MD 3.76 [2.46, 5.06] Moderate Downgraded: risk of bias 2 studies · 168 participants |
| Three-unit 3D-printed provisional resin fixed dental prostheses | Printing at 270 degree build orientation | Printing at 0 degree build orientation | Internal fit (internal discrepancy, um) Not applicable · In vitro (laboratory specimens); heterogeneity I2 = 98% (p < 0.00001) | MD -9.08 [-12.75, -5.41] Moderate Downgraded: risk of bias 1 study · 280 participants |
| Three-unit 3D-printed provisional resin fixed dental prostheses | Printing at 270 degree build orientation | Printing at 0 degree build orientation | Marginal fit (marginal discrepancy, um) Not applicable · In vitro (laboratory specimens); heterogeneity I2 = 99% (p < 0.00001) | MD -8.64 [-11.92, -5.37] Moderate Downgraded: risk of bias 1 study · 120 participants |
Included primary studies 10
Open in Studies| Study | Year | Also included by | Outcomes it informs here | Trial data |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Park 2019 Effects of Printing Parameters on the Fit of Implant-Supported 3D Printing Resin Prosthetics. PMID:31395801 | 2019 | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Al-Dulaijan 2024 Internal and marginal fits of 3D-printed provisional prostheses: comparative effect of different printing parameters. PMID:39726768 | 2024 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Donmez 2025 Influence of printing parameters on the fabrication and fit accuracy of additively manufactured resin-based definitive three-unit fixed… PMID:40578787 | 2025 | this review only | Marginal fit (marginal discrepancy, um); Internal fit (internal discrepancy, um) | not extracted yet |
| Farag 2024 Build angle effect on 3D-printed dental crowns marginal fit using digital light-processing and stereo-lithography technology: an in vitro… PMID:38212816 | 2024 | this review only | Marginal fit (marginal discrepancy, um) | not extracted yet |
| Jang 2024 Fit analysis of stereolithography-manufactured three-unit resin prosthesis with different 3D-printing build orientations and layer… PMID:36653209 | 2024 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Khanlar 2024 Effect of a new support design on the marginal and internal gap of additively manufactured interim crowns using direct light deposition… PMID:36810925 | 2024 | this review only | Marginal fit (marginal discrepancy, um) | not extracted yet |
| Radwan 2024 Trueness of vat-photopolymerization printing technology of interim fixed partial denture with different building orientation: A… PMID:38725814 | 2024 | this review only | Marginal fit (marginal discrepancy, um); Internal fit (internal discrepancy, um) | not extracted yet |
| Ryu 2020 Marginal and internal fit of 3D printed provisional crowns according to build directions. PMID:32879713 | 2020 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Yang 2022 Investigation of the marginal fit of a 3D-printed three-unit resin prosthesis with different build orientations and layer thicknesses. PMID:36105878 | 2022 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Yu 2021 Evaluation of intaglio surface trueness and margin quality of interim crowns in accordance with the build angle of stereolithography… PMID:32807402 | 2021 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
Overlap with other reviews
Reviews that include the same primary studies are not independent evidence. Shared counts match studies by PMID, DOI or NCT, and otherwise by author and year (a probable match). Only the non-Cochrane dental reviews have study lists, so overlap with Cochrane reviews is not counted yet.
| Review | Shared studies | Jaccard |
|---|---|---|
| Marginal and internal fit of CAD/CAM restorations with CAD-defined cement space: a meta-analysis of micro-CT studies. (2026) | 1 | 0.01 |
Review question
| Element | Planned (methods) | Found (results) |
|---|---|---|
| Population | 3D-printed provisional fixed dental prostheses (in vitro or human studies) | Provisional single crowns (n=4 studies) and three-unit FDPs (n=6 studies); tooth or implant abutments; in vitro specimens |
| Intervention | Non-zero build orientations | Build orientations from 0 to 270 degrees (most commonly 0, 45 and 90 degrees) |
| Comparison | Zero-degree build orientation | 0 degree orientation; milled controls in 4 studies |
| Outcomes | Marginal fit and internal fit | Marginal fit (9 studies); internal fit (8 studies); margin quality (1 study) |
| Study designs | Human or in vitro studies in English | 10 in vitro studies (4 in meta-analysis) |
| Timing | Not specified | Not specified |