Non-Cochrane · aetiology · PM42087981
Association between dentition defects and Alzheimer's disease risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Wang Qianxia, Zhou Kaiyan, Zhang Miaomiao, et al. · Frontiers in dental medicine · 2026 · PubMed · doi:10.3389/fdmed.2026.1783171
Findings
10 findings
| Population | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adults with dentition defects (tooth loss, edentulism, missing teeth) | Dentition defects (exposure: tooth loss or edentulism) | No dentition defects | Alzheimer's disease (new-onset or diagnosed) Community and clinical populations (Asia, Europe, North and South America) · Study design: cohort studies | OR 1.25 [1.11, 1.41] GRADE not reported 3 studies |
| Adults with dentition defects (tooth loss, edentulism, missing teeth) | Dentition defects (exposure: tooth loss or edentulism) | No dentition defects | Alzheimer's disease (new-onset or diagnosed) Community and clinical populations (Asia, Europe, North and South America) · Region: North America | OR 1.38 [1.16, 1.65] GRADE not reported 2 studies |
| Adults with dentition defects (tooth loss, edentulism, missing teeth) | Dentition defects (exposure: tooth loss or edentulism) | No dentition defects | Alzheimer's disease (new-onset or diagnosed) Community and clinical populations (Asia, Europe, North and South America) · Sensitivity analysis: leave-one-out, highest pooled OR | OR 1.14 [1.05, 1.24] GRADE not reported 13 studies |
| Adults with dentition defects (tooth loss, edentulism, missing teeth) | Dentition defects (exposure: tooth loss or edentulism) | No dentition defects | Alzheimer's disease (new-onset or diagnosed) Community and clinical populations (Asia, Europe, North and South America) · Publication bias: trim-and-fill adjusted (2 imputed studies) | OR 1.39 [1.11, 1.75] GRADE not reported 16 studies |
| Adults (older adults mostly) with and without dentition defects | Dentition defects (tooth loss, missing teeth, edentulism) | No dentition defects | Alzheimer's disease Not specified · Sensitivity: Fig 3A overall (Chu 2015 entered as 0.95) Unresolved: the two extractors disagree on this row. | OR 1.37 [1.08, 1.73] GRADE not reported 14 studies |
| Adults with dentition defects (tooth loss, edentulism, missing teeth) | Dentition defects (exposure: tooth loss or edentulism) | No dentition defects | Alzheimer's disease (new-onset or diagnosed) Community and clinical populations (Asia, Europe, North and South America) · Sensitivity analysis: leave-one-out, lowest pooled OR | OR 1.09 [1.03, 1.15] GRADE not reported 13 studies |
| Adults (older adults mostly) with and without dentition defects | Dentition defects (tooth loss, missing teeth, edentulism) | No dentition defects | Alzheimer's disease Not specified | OR 1.38 [1.09, 1.74] Low Downgraded: inconsistency 14 studies |
| Adults with dentition defects (tooth loss, edentulism, missing teeth) | Dentition defects (exposure: tooth loss or edentulism) | No dentition defects | Alzheimer's disease (new-onset or diagnosed) Community and clinical populations (Asia, Europe, North and South America) · Region: Asia | OR 1.14 [1.07, 1.21] GRADE not reported 4 studies |
| Adults with dentition defects (tooth loss, edentulism, missing teeth) | Dentition defects (exposure: tooth loss or edentulism) | No dentition defects | Alzheimer's disease (new-onset or diagnosed) Community and clinical populations (Asia, Europe, North and South America) · Region: Europe | OR 1.62 [0.97, 2.70] GRADE not reported 7 studies |
| Adults with dentition defects (tooth loss, edentulism, missing teeth) | Dentition defects (exposure: tooth loss or edentulism) | No dentition defects | Alzheimer's disease (new-onset or diagnosed) Community and clinical populations (Asia, Europe, North and South America) · Study design: case-control studies | OR 1.41 [1.05, 1.88] GRADE not reported 11 studies |
Included primary studies 25
Open in Studies| Study | Year | Also included by | Outcomes it informs here | Trial data |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Choi 2022 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Gil-Montoya 2016 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Kim 2021 Association between Tooth Loss and Alzheimer's Disease in a Nested Case-Control Study Based on a National Health Screening Cohort. PMID:34501210 | 2021 | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Souza Rolim 2013 Oral infections and orofacial pain in Alzheimer's disease: a case-control study. PMID:24077432 | 2014 | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Aragon 2018 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Aragon 2018 Oral health in Alzheimer's disease: a multicenter case-control study. PMID:29476334 | 2018 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Arrive 2012 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Arrive 2012 Oral health condition of French elderly and risk of dementia: a longitudinal cohort study. PMID:22059867 | 2012 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Choi 2022 Cognitive impairment and edentulism among older adults: an observational study using claims data. PMID:35379177 | 2022 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Chu 2015 Oral health status of elderly chinese with dementia in Hong Kong. PMID:25019106 | 2015 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Gil-Montoya 2014 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Gil-Montoya 2015 Is periodontitis a risk factor for cognitive impairment and dementia? A case-control study. PMID:25345338 | 2015 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Gil-Montoya 2017 Oral Hygiene in the Elderly with Different Degrees of Cognitive Impairment and Dementia. PMID:28024093 | 2017 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Kim 2007 Dental health, nutritional status and recent-onset dementia in a Korean community population. PMID:17266172 | 2007 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Kim JH 2021 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Kim JM 2007 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Nordenram 1996 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Rai 2012 Possible relationship between periodontitis and dementia in a North Indian old age population: a pilot study. PMID:21083740 | 2012 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Souza Rolim 2014 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Syrjala 2012 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Syrjala 2012 Dementia and oral health among subjects aged 75 years or older. PMID:20604811 | 2012 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Warren 1997 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Warren 1997 Oral health of persons with and without dementia attending a geriatric clinic. PMID:9582699 | 1997 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Zenthofer 2015 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Zenthofer 2016 Improving oral health of institutionalized older people with diagnosed dementia. PMID:25677603 | 2016 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
Overlap with other reviews
Reviews that include the same primary studies are not independent evidence. Shared counts match studies by PMID, DOI or NCT, and otherwise by author and year (a probable match). Only the non-Cochrane dental reviews have study lists, so overlap with Cochrane reviews is not counted yet.
Review question
| Element | Planned (methods) | Found (results) |
|---|---|---|
| Population | Adults, including those with tooth loss or other dentition defects | Participants from 14 studies (sample sizes 52 to 156,450); mean age 50 to 87 years |
| Intervention | Dentition defects (tooth loss, insufficient occlusal support, impaired masticatory function, edentulism) | Missing teeth (tooth loss) or edentulism |
| Comparison | Individuals without dentition defects | No tooth loss or dentition defects |
| Outcomes | Incidence or presence of Alzheimer's disease | Alzheimer's disease (one study cognitive impairment) |
| Study designs | Case-control, retrospective and prospective cohort studies, randomized controlled trials | 10 case-control, 3 retrospective cohort, 1 prospective cohort |
| Timing | Not specified | Follow-up 1 to 15 years where reported |