Non-Cochrane · intervention · PM42531969
Skeletal Effects After Miniscrew-Assisted Rapid Palatal Expansion on Sagittal and Vertical Dimensions: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Xie Bintao, Zhang Lingling, Lu Yanqin · International dental journal · 2026 · PubMed · doi:10.1016/j.identj.2026.109779
Findings
31 findings
| Population | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Postpeak late adolescents and adults (mean age over 13 years) with maxillary transverse deficiency | Miniscrew-assisted rapid palatal expansion (MARPE) or maxillary skeletal expansion (MSE), nonsurgical | Pretreatment baseline (self-controlled before-after comparison) | ANS vertical distance (mm) After expansion (end of active expansion or up to 3 months post-expansion) versus pretreatment · Orthodontic clinics (cephalometric or CBCT measurement) · Overall | MD 0.45 [-1.02, 1.92] GRADE not reported 2 studies · 43 participants |
| Postpeak late adolescents and adults (mean age over 13 years) with maxillary transverse deficiency | Miniscrew-assisted rapid palatal expansion (MARPE) or maxillary skeletal expansion (MSE), nonsurgical | Pretreatment baseline (self-controlled before-after comparison) | ANS-Me distance (mm) After expansion (end of active expansion or up to 3 months post-expansion) versus pretreatment · Orthodontic clinics (cephalometric or CBCT measurement) · Overall | MD 0.87 [-1.47, 3.22] GRADE not reported 2 studies · 36 participants |
| Postpeak late adolescents and adults (mean age over 13 years) with maxillary transverse deficiency | Miniscrew-assisted rapid palatal expansion (MARPE) or maxillary skeletal expansion (MSE), nonsurgical | Pretreatment baseline (self-controlled before-after comparison) | ANB angle (degrees) After expansion (end of active expansion or up to 3 months post-expansion) versus pretreatment · Orthodontic clinics (cephalometric or CBCT measurement) · Overall | MD 1.18 [0.49, 1.87] GRADE not reported 5 studies · 123 participants |
| Postpeak late adolescents and adults (mean age over 13 years) with maxillary transverse deficiency | Miniscrew-assisted rapid palatal expansion (MARPE) or maxillary skeletal expansion (MSE), nonsurgical | Pretreatment baseline (self-controlled before-after comparison) | ANB angle (degrees) After expansion (end of active expansion or up to 3 months post-expansion) versus pretreatment · Orthodontic clinics (cephalometric or CBCT measurement) · Overall | SMD 0.42 [0.17, 0.67] GRADE not reported 5 studies · 123 participants |
| Postpeak late adolescents and adults (mean age over 13 years) with maxillary transverse deficiency | Miniscrew-assisted rapid palatal expansion (MARPE) or maxillary skeletal expansion (MSE), nonsurgical | Pretreatment baseline (self-controlled before-after comparison) | PP-SN angle (degrees) After expansion (end of active expansion or up to 3 months post-expansion) versus pretreatment · Orthodontic clinics (cephalometric or CBCT measurement) · Overall | MD 0.4 [-0.84, 1.64] GRADE not reported 2 studies · 34 participants |
| Postpeak late adolescents and adults (mean age over 13 years) with maxillary transverse deficiency | Miniscrew-assisted rapid palatal expansion (MARPE) or maxillary skeletal expansion (MSE), nonsurgical | Pretreatment baseline (self-controlled before-after comparison) | Pg-Na Perp distance (mm) After expansion (end of active expansion or up to 3 months post-expansion) versus pretreatment · Orthodontic clinics (cephalometric or CBCT measurement) · Overall | MD -0.47 [-4.65, 3.71] GRADE not reported 2 studies · 40 participants |
| Postpeak late adolescents and adults (mean age over 13 y) with maxillary transverse deficiency | Miniscrew-assisted rapid palatal expansion (MARPE) or maxillary skeletal expansion without surgery, elastics or protraction | Baseline pretreatment measurement (self-controlled before-and-after) | SNB (degrees) After expansion versus before treatment · Orthodontic clinics · Leave-one-out sensitivity analysis omitting Song et al. (2019) | MD -0.32 [-1.36, 0.72] GRADE not reported 4 studies |
| Postpeak late adolescents and adults (mean age over 13 years) with maxillary transverse deficiency | Miniscrew-assisted rapid palatal expansion (MARPE) or maxillary skeletal expansion (MSE), nonsurgical | Pretreatment baseline (self-controlled before-after comparison) | SNB angle (degrees) After expansion (end of active expansion or up to 3 months post-expansion) versus pretreatment · Orthodontic clinics (cephalometric or CBCT measurement) · Leave-one-out sensitivity analysis omitting Choi et al. | MD -0.59 [-1.97, 0.79] GRADE not reported 4 studies |
| Postpeak late adolescents and adults (mean age over 13 years) with maxillary transverse deficiency | Miniscrew-assisted rapid palatal expansion (MARPE) or maxillary skeletal expansion (MSE), nonsurgical | Pretreatment baseline (self-controlled before-after comparison) | SNA angle (degrees) After expansion (end of active expansion or up to 3 months post-expansion) versus pretreatment · Orthodontic clinics (cephalometric or CBCT measurement) · Leave-one-out sensitivity analysis omitting An et al. | MD 0.83 [0.07, 1.6] GRADE not reported 5 studies |
| Postpeak late adolescents and adults (mean age over 13 years) with maxillary transverse deficiency | Miniscrew-assisted rapid palatal expansion (MARPE) or maxillary skeletal expansion (MSE), nonsurgical | Pretreatment baseline (self-controlled before-after comparison) | A-Na Perp distance (mm) After expansion (end of active expansion or up to 3 months post-expansion) versus pretreatment · Orthodontic clinics (cephalometric or CBCT measurement) · Leave-one-out sensitivity analysis omitting An et al. | MD 0.6 [-0.48, 1.69] GRADE not reported 2 studies |
| Postpeak late adolescents and adults (mean age over 13 years) with maxillary transverse deficiency | Miniscrew-assisted rapid palatal expansion (MARPE) or maxillary skeletal expansion (MSE), nonsurgical | Pretreatment baseline (self-controlled before-after comparison) | ANB angle (degrees) After expansion (end of active expansion or up to 3 months post-expansion) versus pretreatment · Orthodontic clinics (cephalometric or CBCT measurement) · Leave-one-out sensitivity analysis omitting Liao et al. | MD 1.16 [0.44, 1.88] GRADE not reported 4 studies |
| Postpeak late adolescents and adults (mean age over 13 years) with maxillary transverse deficiency | Miniscrew-assisted rapid palatal expansion (MARPE) or maxillary skeletal expansion (MSE), nonsurgical | Pretreatment baseline (self-controlled before-after comparison) | MP-FH angle (degrees) After expansion (end of active expansion or up to 3 months post-expansion) versus pretreatment · Orthodontic clinics (cephalometric or CBCT measurement) · Overall | MD 1.09 [-1.7, 3.89] GRADE not reported 2 studies · 49 participants |
| Postpeak late adolescents and adults (mean age over 13 years) with maxillary transverse deficiency | Miniscrew-assisted rapid palatal expansion (MARPE) or maxillary skeletal expansion (MSE), nonsurgical | Pretreatment baseline (self-controlled before-after comparison) | SNB angle (degrees) After expansion (end of active expansion or up to 3 months post-expansion) versus pretreatment · Orthodontic clinics (cephalometric or CBCT measurement) · Overall | MD -0.35 [-1.33, 0.63] GRADE not reported 5 studies · 123 participants |
| Postpeak late adolescents and adults (mean age over 13 years) with maxillary transverse deficiency | Miniscrew-assisted rapid palatal expansion (MARPE) or maxillary skeletal expansion (MSE), nonsurgical | Pretreatment baseline (self-controlled before-after comparison) | A-Na Perp distance (mm) After expansion (end of active expansion or up to 3 months post-expansion) versus pretreatment · Orthodontic clinics (cephalometric or CBCT measurement) · Leave-one-out sensitivity analysis omitting Liao et al. | MD 0.69 [-0.42, 1.8] GRADE not reported 2 studies |
| Postpeak late adolescents and adults (mean age over 13 years) with maxillary transverse deficiency | Miniscrew-assisted rapid palatal expansion (MARPE) or maxillary skeletal expansion (MSE), nonsurgical | Pretreatment baseline (self-controlled before-after comparison) | SNA angle (degrees) After expansion (end of active expansion or up to 3 months post-expansion) versus pretreatment · Orthodontic clinics (cephalometric or CBCT measurement) · Leave-one-out sensitivity analysis omitting Song et al. | MD 0.8 [0.08, 1.53] GRADE not reported 5 studies |
| Postpeak late adolescents and adults (mean age over 13 years) with maxillary transverse deficiency | Miniscrew-assisted rapid palatal expansion (MARPE) or maxillary skeletal expansion (MSE), nonsurgical | Pretreatment baseline (self-controlled before-after comparison) | SN-MP angle (degrees) After expansion (end of active expansion or up to 3 months post-expansion) versus pretreatment · Orthodontic clinics (cephalometric or CBCT measurement) · Overall | MD 1.26 [-0.34, 2.86] GRADE not reported 2 studies · 72 participants |
| Postpeak late adolescents and adults (mean age over 13 years) with maxillary transverse deficiency | Miniscrew-assisted rapid palatal expansion (MARPE) or maxillary skeletal expansion (MSE), nonsurgical | Pretreatment baseline (self-controlled before-after comparison) | ANB angle (degrees) After expansion (end of active expansion or up to 3 months post-expansion) versus pretreatment · Orthodontic clinics (cephalometric or CBCT measurement) · Leave-one-out sensitivity analysis omitting An et al. | MD 1.2 [0.48, 1.92] GRADE not reported 4 studies |
| Postpeak late adolescents and adults (mean age over 13 years) with maxillary transverse deficiency | Miniscrew-assisted rapid palatal expansion (MARPE) or maxillary skeletal expansion (MSE), nonsurgical | Pretreatment baseline (self-controlled before-after comparison) | SNB angle (degrees) After expansion (end of active expansion or up to 3 months post-expansion) versus pretreatment · Orthodontic clinics (cephalometric or CBCT measurement) · Leave-one-out sensitivity analysis omitting An et al. | MD -0.33 [-1.37, 0.72] GRADE not reported 4 studies |
| Postpeak late adolescents and adults (mean age over 13 years) with maxillary transverse deficiency | Miniscrew-assisted rapid palatal expansion (MARPE) or maxillary skeletal expansion (MSE), nonsurgical | Pretreatment baseline (self-controlled before-after comparison) | SNA angle (degrees) After expansion (end of active expansion or up to 3 months post-expansion) versus pretreatment · Orthodontic clinics (cephalometric or CBCT measurement) · Leave-one-out sensitivity analysis omitting Gokturk et al. | MD 0.74 [0.01, 1.47] GRADE not reported 5 studies |
| Postpeak late adolescents and adults (mean age over 13 years) with maxillary transverse deficiency | Miniscrew-assisted rapid palatal expansion (MARPE) or maxillary skeletal expansion (MSE), nonsurgical | Pretreatment baseline (self-controlled before-after comparison) | SNA angle (degrees) After expansion (end of active expansion or up to 3 months post-expansion) versus pretreatment · Orthodontic clinics (cephalometric or CBCT measurement) · Leave-one-out sensitivity analysis omitting Liao et al. | MD 0.83 [-0.02, 1.68] GRADE not reported 5 studies |
| Postpeak late adolescents and adults (mean age over 13 years) with maxillary transverse deficiency | Miniscrew-assisted rapid palatal expansion (MARPE) or maxillary skeletal expansion (MSE), nonsurgical | Pretreatment baseline (self-controlled before-after comparison) | ANB angle (degrees) After expansion (end of active expansion or up to 3 months post-expansion) versus pretreatment · Orthodontic clinics (cephalometric or CBCT measurement) · Leave-one-out sensitivity analysis omitting Song et al. | MD 1.25 [0.44, 2.06] GRADE not reported 4 studies |
| Postpeak late adolescents and adults (mean age over 13 y) with maxillary transverse deficiency | Miniscrew-assisted rapid palatal expansion (MARPE) or maxillary skeletal expansion without surgery, elastics or protraction | Baseline pretreatment measurement (self-controlled before-and-after) | ANB angle (degrees) After expansion versus before treatment · Orthodontic clinics · Leave-one-out sensitivity analysis omitting Gokturk et al. (2022) | MD 1.16 [0.45, 1.87] GRADE not reported 4 studies |
| Postpeak late adolescents and adults (mean age over 13 years) with maxillary transverse deficiency | Miniscrew-assisted rapid palatal expansion (MARPE) or maxillary skeletal expansion (MSE), nonsurgical | Pretreatment baseline (self-controlled before-after comparison) | SNA angle (degrees) After expansion (end of active expansion or up to 3 months post-expansion) versus pretreatment · Orthodontic clinics (cephalometric or CBCT measurement) · Leave-one-out sensitivity analysis omitting Choi et al. | MD 0.61 [-0.21, 1.44] GRADE not reported 5 studies |
| Postpeak late adolescents and adults (mean age over 13 years) with maxillary transverse deficiency | Miniscrew-assisted rapid palatal expansion (MARPE) or maxillary skeletal expansion (MSE), nonsurgical | Pretreatment baseline (self-controlled before-after comparison) | A-Na Perp distance (mm) After expansion (end of active expansion or up to 3 months post-expansion) versus pretreatment · Orthodontic clinics (cephalometric or CBCT measurement) · Overall | MD 0.73 [-0.25, 1.72] GRADE not reported 3 studies · 93 participants |
| Postpeak late adolescents and adults (mean age over 13 years) with maxillary transverse deficiency | Miniscrew-assisted rapid palatal expansion (MARPE) or maxillary skeletal expansion (MSE), nonsurgical | Pretreatment baseline (self-controlled before-after comparison) | ANB angle (degrees) After expansion (end of active expansion or up to 3 months post-expansion) versus pretreatment · Orthodontic clinics (cephalometric or CBCT measurement) · Leave-one-out sensitivity analysis omitting Choi et al. | MD 1.11 [0.32, 1.9] GRADE not reported 4 studies |
| Postpeak late adolescents and adults (mean age over 13 years) with maxillary transverse deficiency | Miniscrew-assisted rapid palatal expansion (MARPE) or maxillary skeletal expansion (MSE), nonsurgical | Pretreatment baseline (self-controlled before-after comparison) | SNB angle (degrees) After expansion (end of active expansion or up to 3 months post-expansion) versus pretreatment · Orthodontic clinics (cephalometric or CBCT measurement) · Leave-one-out sensitivity analysis omitting Liao et al. | MD -0.29 [-1.35, 0.76] GRADE not reported 4 studies |
| Postpeak late adolescents and adults (mean age over 13 years) with maxillary transverse deficiency | Miniscrew-assisted rapid palatal expansion (MARPE) or maxillary skeletal expansion (MSE), nonsurgical | Pretreatment baseline (self-controlled before-after comparison) | ANS sagittal distance (mm) After expansion (end of active expansion or up to 3 months post-expansion) versus pretreatment · Orthodontic clinics (cephalometric or CBCT measurement) · Overall | MD 0.12 [-1.6, 1.84] GRADE not reported 2 studies · 43 participants |
| Postpeak late adolescents and adults (mean age over 13 years) with maxillary transverse deficiency | Miniscrew-assisted rapid palatal expansion (MARPE) or maxillary skeletal expansion (MSE), nonsurgical | Pretreatment baseline (self-controlled before-after comparison) | SNB angle (degrees) After expansion (end of active expansion or up to 3 months post-expansion) versus pretreatment · Orthodontic clinics (cephalometric or CBCT measurement) · Leave-one-out sensitivity analysis omitting Gokturk et al. | MD -0.31 [-1.36, 0.75] GRADE not reported 4 studies |
| Postpeak late adolescents and adults (mean age over 13 years) with maxillary transverse deficiency | Miniscrew-assisted rapid palatal expansion (MARPE) or maxillary skeletal expansion (MSE), nonsurgical | Pretreatment baseline (self-controlled before-after comparison) | A-Na Perp distance (mm) After expansion (end of active expansion or up to 3 months post-expansion) versus pretreatment · Orthodontic clinics (cephalometric or CBCT measurement) · Leave-one-out sensitivity analysis omitting Choi et al. | MD 1.1 [-0.47, 2.67] GRADE not reported 2 studies |
| Postpeak late adolescents and adults (mean age over 13 years) with maxillary transverse deficiency | Miniscrew-assisted rapid palatal expansion (MARPE) or maxillary skeletal expansion (MSE), nonsurgical | Pretreatment baseline (self-controlled before-after comparison) | SNA angle (degrees) After expansion (end of active expansion or up to 3 months post-expansion) versus pretreatment · Orthodontic clinics (cephalometric or CBCT measurement) · Overall | MD 0.79 [0.08, 1.5] GRADE not reported 6 studies · 151 participants |
| Postpeak late adolescents and adults (mean age over 13 years) with maxillary transverse deficiency | Miniscrew-assisted rapid palatal expansion (MARPE) or maxillary skeletal expansion (MSE), nonsurgical | Pretreatment baseline (self-controlled before-after comparison) | SNA angle (degrees) After expansion (end of active expansion or up to 3 months post-expansion) versus pretreatment · Orthodontic clinics (cephalometric or CBCT measurement) · Leave-one-out sensitivity analysis omitting Zhong et al. | MD 0.92 [0.12, 1.72] GRADE not reported 5 studies |
Included primary studies 10
Open in Studies| Study | Year | Also included by | Outcomes it informs here | Trial data |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Choi 2022 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | 1 other review | SNA angle (degrees); SNB angle (degrees); ANB angle (degrees); A-Na Perp distance (mm); SN-MP angle (degrees) | not extracted yet |
| An 2021 Comparison of dentoskeletal and soft tissue changes between tooth-borne and tooth-bone-borne hybrid nonsurgical rapid maxillary expansions… DOI:10.1186/s12903-021-02008-x | 2021 | this review only | SNA angle (degrees); ANS-Me distance (mm); SNB angle (degrees); ANB angle (degrees); A-Na Perp distance (mm); Pg-Na Perp distance (mm); MP-FH angle (degrees) | not extracted yet |
| Bazzani 2023 <scp>Three‐dimensional</scp> comparison of bone‐borne and tooth‐bone‐borne maxillary expansion in young adults with maxillary skeletal… DOI:10.1111/ocr.12595 | 2022 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Cantarella 2017 Changes in the midpalatal and pterygopalatine sutures induced by micro-implant-supported skeletal expander, analyzed with a novel 3D… DOI:10.1186/s40510-017-0188-7 | 2017 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Gokturk 2022 Comparison of the short-term effects of tooth–bone-borne and tooth-borne rapid maxillary expansion in older adolescents DOI:10.1007/s00056-022-00401-x | 2022 | this review only | SNA angle (degrees); ANS-Me distance (mm); SNB angle (degrees); ANB angle (degrees); PP-SN angle (degrees) | not extracted yet |
| Hourfar 2016 Differential treatment effects of two anchorage systems for rapid maxillary expansion: a retrospective cephalometric study DOI:10.1007/s00056-016-0037-1 | 2016 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Kim 2019 Asymmetric nasomaxillary expansion induced by tooth‐bone‐borne expander producing differential craniofacial changes DOI:10.1111/ocr.12320 | 2019 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Liao 2022 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | SNA angle (degrees); SNB angle (degrees); ANB angle (degrees); A-Na Perp distance (mm); Pg-Na Perp distance (mm); SN-MP angle (degrees); PP-SN angle (degrees) | not extracted yet |
| Song 2019 Three-dimensional changes of the zygomaticomaxillary complex after mini-implant assisted rapid maxillary expansion DOI:10.1016/j.ajodo.2018.11.019 | 2019 | this review only | SNA angle (degrees); ANS vertical distance (mm); SNB angle (degrees); ANB angle (degrees); ANS sagittal distance (mm) | not extracted yet |
| Zhong 2024 Dentoperiodontal and skeletal changes induced by miniscrew-assisted rapid maxillary expansion (C-expander) treatment in adults: A… DOI:10.1016/j.ajodo.2023.09.013 | 2024 | this review only | SNA angle (degrees); MP-FH angle (degrees) | not extracted yet |
Overlap with other reviews
Reviews that include the same primary studies are not independent evidence. Shared counts match studies by PMID, DOI or NCT, and otherwise by author and year (a probable match). Only the non-Cochrane dental reviews have study lists, so overlap with Cochrane reviews is not counted yet.
| Review | Shared studies | Jaccard |
|---|---|---|
| Association between dentition defects and Alzheimer's disease risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis. (2026) | 1 | 0.03 |
Review question
| Element | Planned (methods) | Found (results) |
|---|---|---|
| Population | Postpeak patients (late adolescents and adults, mean age over 13 y) with maxillary transverse deficiency | Postpeak adolescents and adults with maxillary transverse deficiency (n=11 studies; 7 in meta-analysis) |
| Intervention | MARPE or maxillary skeletal expansion without surgery, intermaxillary elastics, facemask or protraction | MARPE with 2 to 4 miniscrews, various appliances (n=11) |
| Comparison | Pretreatment baseline measurements (self-controlled design) | Baseline pretreatment (uncontrolled before-and-after; no controls) |
| Outcomes | Sagittal and vertical skeletal changes on cephalometric or 3D imaging | SNA, SNB, ANB, A-Na Perp, Pg-Na Perp, ANS sagittal; SN-MP, MP-FH, PP-SN, ANS-Me, ANS vertical (n=7 pooled) |
| Study designs | RCTs, retrospective studies and cohort studies | Uncontrolled before-and-after studies: 5 before-and-after clinical trials, 6 retrospective analyses; no RCTs (n=11) |
| Timing | Not specified | Immediately after expansion to about 6 months; mostly end of expansion |
AMSTAR 2 items
Two independent extractors rated each item. Their ratings are shown side by side because they have not been reconciled yet. The overall rating follows Shea et al. 2017: one critical flaw gives Low, more than one gives Critically Low.
| Item | Extractor A | Extractor B | Agree |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1Research question includes PICO components | Yes | Yes | yes |
| 2Protocol established before the reviewcritical | Partial Yes | Partial Yes | yes |
| 3Choice of study designs explained | No | No | yes |
| 4Comprehensive literature searchcritical | Partial Yes | No | no |
| 5Study selection in duplicate | Yes | Yes | yes |
| 6Data extraction in duplicate | Yes | Yes | yes |
| 7List of excluded studies with reasonscritical | No | No | yes |
| 8Included studies described in detail | Partial Yes | Yes | no |
| 9Risk of bias assessed satisfactorilycritical | RCT: N/A · NRSI: Yes | NRSI: Yes · RCT: N/A | no |
| 10Funding of included studies reported | No | No | yes |
| 11Appropriate meta-analysis methodscritical | RCT: N/A · NRSI: No | NRSI: No · RCT: N/A | no |
| 12Impact of risk of bias on the pooled results | No | No | yes |
| 13Risk of bias accounted for in interpretationcritical | Yes | Yes | yes |
| 14Heterogeneity explained | Yes | Yes | yes |
| 15Publication bias investigatedcritical | No | No | yes |
| 16Conflicts of interest reported | Yes | Yes | yes |
| Overall | Critically Low | Critically Low | yes |