Primary study · included by 2 reviews

Choi 2022

ProbableThe reviews cited this study without a PMID, DOI or NCT, so it is matched by first author and year. Two different studies by the same author in the same year could be merged here.

Included by

Association between dentition defects and Alzheimer's disease risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Non-Cochrane · aetiology · 2026 · cited as Choi 2022 · Table 1; Figure 2

The review does not say which of its outcomes this study informs.

Skeletal Effects After Miniscrew-Assisted Rapid Palatal Expansion on Sagittal and Vertical Dimensions: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Non-Cochrane · intervention · 2026 · cited as Choi 2022 · Table 2; Fig. 3/4; References

Outcome this study informs	Pooled effect	Evidence	Certainty
A-Na Perp distance (mm) Miniscrew-assisted rapid palatal expansion (MARPE) or maxillary skeletal expansion (MSE), nonsurgical vs Pretreatment baseline (self-controlled before-after comparison) · After expansion (end of active expansion or up to 3 months post-expansion) versus pretreatment	MD 0.69 [-0.42, 1.8]	2 studies	GRADE not reported
A-Na Perp distance (mm) Miniscrew-assisted rapid palatal expansion (MARPE) or maxillary skeletal expansion (MSE), nonsurgical vs Pretreatment baseline (self-controlled before-after comparison) · After expansion (end of active expansion or up to 3 months post-expansion) versus pretreatment	MD 0.6 [-0.48, 1.69]	2 studies	GRADE not reported
SNA angle (degrees) Miniscrew-assisted rapid palatal expansion (MARPE) or maxillary skeletal expansion (MSE), nonsurgical vs Pretreatment baseline (self-controlled before-after comparison) · After expansion (end of active expansion or up to 3 months post-expansion) versus pretreatment	MD 0.8 [0.08, 1.53]	5 studies	GRADE not reported
SNB (degrees) Miniscrew-assisted rapid palatal expansion (MARPE) or maxillary skeletal expansion without surgery, elastics or protraction vs Baseline pretreatment measurement (self-controlled before-and-after) · After expansion versus before treatment	MD -0.32 [-1.36, 0.72]	4 studies	GRADE not reported
SNB angle (degrees) Miniscrew-assisted rapid palatal expansion (MARPE) or maxillary skeletal expansion (MSE), nonsurgical vs Pretreatment baseline (self-controlled before-after comparison) · After expansion (end of active expansion or up to 3 months post-expansion) versus pretreatment	MD -0.59 [-1.97, 0.79]	4 studies	GRADE not reported
SNA angle (degrees) Miniscrew-assisted rapid palatal expansion (MARPE) or maxillary skeletal expansion (MSE), nonsurgical vs Pretreatment baseline (self-controlled before-after comparison) · After expansion (end of active expansion or up to 3 months post-expansion) versus pretreatment	MD 0.83 [0.07, 1.6]	5 studies	GRADE not reported
ANB angle (degrees) Miniscrew-assisted rapid palatal expansion (MARPE) or maxillary skeletal expansion (MSE), nonsurgical vs Pretreatment baseline (self-controlled before-after comparison) · After expansion (end of active expansion or up to 3 months post-expansion) versus pretreatment	MD 1.16 [0.44, 1.88]	4 studies	GRADE not reported
SNB angle (degrees) Miniscrew-assisted rapid palatal expansion (MARPE) or maxillary skeletal expansion (MSE), nonsurgical vs Pretreatment baseline (self-controlled before-after comparison) · After expansion (end of active expansion or up to 3 months post-expansion) versus pretreatment	MD -0.35 [-1.33, 0.63]	5 studies · 123 participants	GRADE not reported
ANB angle (degrees) Miniscrew-assisted rapid palatal expansion (MARPE) or maxillary skeletal expansion (MSE), nonsurgical vs Pretreatment baseline (self-controlled before-after comparison) · After expansion (end of active expansion or up to 3 months post-expansion) versus pretreatment	MD 1.18 [0.49, 1.87]	5 studies · 123 participants	GRADE not reported
ANB angle (degrees) Miniscrew-assisted rapid palatal expansion (MARPE) or maxillary skeletal expansion (MSE), nonsurgical vs Pretreatment baseline (self-controlled before-after comparison) · After expansion (end of active expansion or up to 3 months post-expansion) versus pretreatment	SMD 0.42 [0.17, 0.67]	5 studies · 123 participants	GRADE not reported
SN-MP angle (degrees) Miniscrew-assisted rapid palatal expansion (MARPE) or maxillary skeletal expansion (MSE), nonsurgical vs Pretreatment baseline (self-controlled before-after comparison) · After expansion (end of active expansion or up to 3 months post-expansion) versus pretreatment	MD 1.26 [-0.34, 2.86]	2 studies · 72 participants	GRADE not reported
ANB angle (degrees) Miniscrew-assisted rapid palatal expansion (MARPE) or maxillary skeletal expansion (MSE), nonsurgical vs Pretreatment baseline (self-controlled before-after comparison) · After expansion (end of active expansion or up to 3 months post-expansion) versus pretreatment	MD 1.2 [0.48, 1.92]	4 studies	GRADE not reported
SNB angle (degrees) Miniscrew-assisted rapid palatal expansion (MARPE) or maxillary skeletal expansion (MSE), nonsurgical vs Pretreatment baseline (self-controlled before-after comparison) · After expansion (end of active expansion or up to 3 months post-expansion) versus pretreatment	MD -0.33 [-1.37, 0.72]	4 studies	GRADE not reported
SNA angle (degrees) Miniscrew-assisted rapid palatal expansion (MARPE) or maxillary skeletal expansion (MSE), nonsurgical vs Pretreatment baseline (self-controlled before-after comparison) · After expansion (end of active expansion or up to 3 months post-expansion) versus pretreatment	MD 0.74 [0.01, 1.47]	5 studies	GRADE not reported
SNA angle (degrees) Miniscrew-assisted rapid palatal expansion (MARPE) or maxillary skeletal expansion (MSE), nonsurgical vs Pretreatment baseline (self-controlled before-after comparison) · After expansion (end of active expansion or up to 3 months post-expansion) versus pretreatment	MD 0.83 [-0.02, 1.68]	5 studies	GRADE not reported
SNA angle (degrees) Miniscrew-assisted rapid palatal expansion (MARPE) or maxillary skeletal expansion (MSE), nonsurgical vs Pretreatment baseline (self-controlled before-after comparison) · After expansion (end of active expansion or up to 3 months post-expansion) versus pretreatment	MD 0.61 [-0.21, 1.44]	5 studies	GRADE not reported
ANB angle (degrees) Miniscrew-assisted rapid palatal expansion (MARPE) or maxillary skeletal expansion (MSE), nonsurgical vs Pretreatment baseline (self-controlled before-after comparison) · After expansion (end of active expansion or up to 3 months post-expansion) versus pretreatment	MD 1.25 [0.44, 2.06]	4 studies	GRADE not reported
ANB angle (degrees) Miniscrew-assisted rapid palatal expansion (MARPE) or maxillary skeletal expansion without surgery, elastics or protraction vs Baseline pretreatment measurement (self-controlled before-and-after) · After expansion versus before treatment	MD 1.16 [0.45, 1.87]	4 studies	GRADE not reported
A-Na Perp distance (mm) Miniscrew-assisted rapid palatal expansion (MARPE) or maxillary skeletal expansion (MSE), nonsurgical vs Pretreatment baseline (self-controlled before-after comparison) · After expansion (end of active expansion or up to 3 months post-expansion) versus pretreatment	MD 0.73 [-0.25, 1.72]	3 studies · 93 participants	GRADE not reported
ANB angle (degrees) Miniscrew-assisted rapid palatal expansion (MARPE) or maxillary skeletal expansion (MSE), nonsurgical vs Pretreatment baseline (self-controlled before-after comparison) · After expansion (end of active expansion or up to 3 months post-expansion) versus pretreatment	MD 1.11 [0.32, 1.9]	4 studies	GRADE not reported
A-Na Perp distance (mm) Miniscrew-assisted rapid palatal expansion (MARPE) or maxillary skeletal expansion (MSE), nonsurgical vs Pretreatment baseline (self-controlled before-after comparison) · After expansion (end of active expansion or up to 3 months post-expansion) versus pretreatment	MD 1.1 [-0.47, 2.67]	2 studies	GRADE not reported
SNB angle (degrees) Miniscrew-assisted rapid palatal expansion (MARPE) or maxillary skeletal expansion (MSE), nonsurgical vs Pretreatment baseline (self-controlled before-after comparison) · After expansion (end of active expansion or up to 3 months post-expansion) versus pretreatment	MD -0.29 [-1.35, 0.76]	4 studies	GRADE not reported
SNB angle (degrees) Miniscrew-assisted rapid palatal expansion (MARPE) or maxillary skeletal expansion (MSE), nonsurgical vs Pretreatment baseline (self-controlled before-after comparison) · After expansion (end of active expansion or up to 3 months post-expansion) versus pretreatment	MD -0.31 [-1.36, 0.75]	4 studies	GRADE not reported
SNA angle (degrees) Miniscrew-assisted rapid palatal expansion (MARPE) or maxillary skeletal expansion (MSE), nonsurgical vs Pretreatment baseline (self-controlled before-after comparison) · After expansion (end of active expansion or up to 3 months post-expansion) versus pretreatment	MD 0.79 [0.08, 1.5]	6 studies · 151 participants	GRADE not reported
SNA angle (degrees) Miniscrew-assisted rapid palatal expansion (MARPE) or maxillary skeletal expansion (MSE), nonsurgical vs Pretreatment baseline (self-controlled before-after comparison) · After expansion (end of active expansion or up to 3 months post-expansion) versus pretreatment	MD 0.92 [0.12, 1.72]	5 studies	GRADE not reported

2 including reviews in total.