Non-Cochrane · intervention · PM41248886
Efficacy of Photodynamic Therapy in Controlling Gingival Inflammation in Orthodontic Patients: A Network Meta-Analysis.
Vieira Rayssa Amaral, Martins-Pfeifer Carolina, Carvalho Fabíola Galbiatti, et al. · European journal of dentistry · 2026 · PubMed · doi:10.1055/s-0045-1812493
Findings
Population Orthodontic patients (aged 12 to 19 years) with fixed appliances and gingival inflammation
29 findings
| Photodynamic therapy (PDT) | PDT plus ultrasonic scaling (PDT-US) | Porphyromonas gingivalis (decrease in oral microbiological culture) Last time point (final follow-up) · Orthodontic clinics (Spain and Saudi Arabia) | MD -0.47 [-1.47, 0.53] Very low Downgraded: risk of bias 4 studies |
| Photodynamic therapy (PDT) | PDT plus ultrasonic scaling (PDT-US) | Fusobacterium nucleatum (decrease in oral microbiological culture) Last time point (final follow-up) · Orthodontic clinics (Spain and Saudi Arabia) | MD 0.57 [-0.22, 1.36] Very low Downgraded: risk of bias 2 studies |
| Photodynamic therapy (PDT) | PDT plus ultrasonic scaling (PDT-US) | Plaque Index (decrease) Last time point (final follow-up) · Orthodontic clinics (Spain and Saudi Arabia) | MD -2.78 [-9.02, 3.51] Very low Downgraded: risk of bias 5 studies |
| Photodynamic therapy (PDT) | PDT plus ultrasonic scaling (PDT-US) | Probing depth (decrease) Last time point (final follow-up) · Orthodontic clinics (Spain and Saudi Arabia) | MD -0.45 [-0.74, -0.17] Very low Downgraded: risk of bias 4 studies |
| Photodynamic therapy (PDT) | PDT plus ultrasonic scaling (PDT-US) | Gingival Bleeding Index (decrease) Last time point (final follow-up) · Orthodontic clinics (Spain and Saudi Arabia) | MD 1.39 [-7.09, 10.32] Very low Downgraded: risk of bias 4 studies |
| Photodynamic therapy (PDT) | Photobiomodulation plus ultrasonic scaling (PMB-US) | Gingival Bleeding Index (decrease) Last time point (final follow-up) · Orthodontic clinics (Spain and Saudi Arabia) | MD 3.35 [-7.05, 15.02] Very low Downgraded: risk of bias 4 studies |
| Photodynamic therapy (PDT) | Photobiomodulation plus ultrasonic scaling (PMB-US) | Probing depth (decrease) Last time point (final follow-up) · Orthodontic clinics (Spain and Saudi Arabia) | MD -0.06 [-0.31, 0.19] Very low Downgraded: risk of bias 4 studies |
| Photodynamic therapy (PDT) | Photobiomodulation plus ultrasonic scaling (PMB-US) | Fusobacterium nucleatum (decrease in oral microbiological culture) Last time point (final follow-up) · Orthodontic clinics (Spain and Saudi Arabia) | MD 0.62 [-0.18, 1.41] Very low Downgraded: risk of bias 2 studies |
| Photodynamic therapy (PDT) | Photobiomodulation plus ultrasonic scaling (PMB-US) | Plaque Index (decrease) Last time point (final follow-up) · Orthodontic clinics (Spain and Saudi Arabia) | MD -0.8 [-10.45, 8.73] Very low Downgraded: risk of bias 5 studies |
| Photodynamic therapy (PDT) | Ultrasonic scaling (US) | Plaque Index (decrease) Last time point (final follow-up) · Orthodontic clinics (Spain and Saudi Arabia) | MD -4.24 [-12.11, 3.69] Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision 5 studies |
| Photodynamic therapy (PDT) | Ultrasonic scaling (US) | Gingival Bleeding Index (decrease) Last time point (final follow-up) · Orthodontic clinics (Spain and Saudi Arabia) | MD 1.68 [-5.29, 10.18] Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision 4 studies |
| Photodynamic therapy (PDT) | Ultrasonic scaling (US) | Probing depth (decrease) Last time point (final follow-up) · Orthodontic clinics (Spain and Saudi Arabia) | MD 0.15 [-0.09, 0.38] Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision 4 studies |
| Photodynamic therapy (PDT) | Ultrasonic scaling (US) | Fusobacterium nucleatum (decrease in oral microbiological culture) Last time point (final follow-up) · Orthodontic clinics (Spain and Saudi Arabia) | MD 0.65 [0, 1.29] Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision 2 studies |
| Photodynamic therapy (PDT) | Ultrasonic scaling (US) | Porphyromonas gingivalis (decrease in oral microbiological culture) Last time point (final follow-up) · Orthodontic clinics (Spain and Saudi Arabia) | MD 0.03 [-1.17, 1.23] Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision 4 studies |
| Photodynamic therapy (PDT) | Ultrasonic scaling (US) | Gingival Index (decrease) Last time point (final follow-up) · Orthodontic clinics (Spain and Saudi Arabia) | MD -0.10 [-0.14, -0.05] Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision 2 studies · 56 participants |
| PDT plus ultrasonic scaling (PDT-US) | Photobiomodulation plus ultrasonic scaling (PMB-US) | Probing depth (decrease) Last time point (final follow-up) · Orthodontic clinics (Spain and Saudi Arabia) | MD 0.39 [0.23, 0.55] Very low Downgraded: risk of bias 4 studies |
| PDT plus ultrasonic scaling (PDT-US) | Photobiomodulation plus ultrasonic scaling (PMB-US) | Plaque Index (decrease) Last time point (final follow-up) · Orthodontic clinics (Spain and Saudi Arabia) | MD 1.94 [-5.65, 9.49] Very low Downgraded: risk of bias 5 studies |
| PDT plus ultrasonic scaling (PDT-US) | Photobiomodulation plus ultrasonic scaling (PMB-US) | Gingival Bleeding Index (decrease) Last time point (final follow-up) · Orthodontic clinics (Spain and Saudi Arabia) | MD 1.99 [-6.15, 10.81] Very low Downgraded: risk of bias 4 studies |
| PDT plus ultrasonic scaling (PDT-US) | Photobiomodulation plus ultrasonic scaling (PMB-US) | Fusobacterium nucleatum (decrease in oral microbiological culture) Last time point (final follow-up) · Orthodontic clinics (Spain and Saudi Arabia) | MD 0.05 [-0.38, 0.48] Very low Downgraded: risk of bias 2 studies |
| PDT plus ultrasonic scaling (PDT-US) | Ultrasonic scaling (US) | Fusobacterium nucleatum (decrease in oral microbiological culture) Last time point (final follow-up) · Orthodontic clinics (Spain and Saudi Arabia) | MD 0.08 [-0.38, 0.54] Very low Downgraded: risk of bias 2 studies |
| PDT plus ultrasonic scaling (PDT-US) | Ultrasonic scaling (US) | Tannerella forsythia (decrease in oral microbiological culture) Last time point (final follow-up) · Orthodontic clinics (Spain and Saudi Arabia) | MD -0.36 [-0.87, 0.14] Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision 2 studies · 52 participants |
| PDT plus ultrasonic scaling (PDT-US) | Ultrasonic scaling (US) | Plaque Index (decrease) Last time point (final follow-up) · Orthodontic clinics (Spain and Saudi Arabia) | MD -1.5 [-6.96, 4.04] Very low Downgraded: risk of bias 5 studies |
| PDT plus ultrasonic scaling (PDT-US) | Ultrasonic scaling (US) | Probing depth (decrease) Last time point (final follow-up) · Orthodontic clinics (Spain and Saudi Arabia) | MD 0.6 [0.44, 0.76] Very low Downgraded: risk of bias 4 studies |
| PDT plus ultrasonic scaling (PDT-US) | Ultrasonic scaling (US) | Porphyromonas gingivalis (decrease in oral microbiological culture) Last time point (final follow-up) · Orthodontic clinics (Spain and Saudi Arabia) | MD 0.5 [-0.44, 1.44] Very low Downgraded: risk of bias 4 studies |
| PDT plus ultrasonic scaling (PDT-US) | Ultrasonic scaling (US) | Gingival Bleeding Index (decrease) Last time point (final follow-up) · Orthodontic clinics (Spain and Saudi Arabia) | MD 0.42 [-5.67, 7.18] Very low Downgraded: risk of bias 4 studies |
| Photobiomodulation plus ultrasonic scaling (PMB-US) | Ultrasonic scaling (US) | Probing depth (decrease) Last time point (final follow-up) · Orthodontic clinics (Spain and Saudi Arabia) | MD 0.21 [0.13, 0.29] Very low Downgraded: risk of bias 4 studies |
| Photobiomodulation plus ultrasonic scaling (PMB-US) | Ultrasonic scaling (US) | Plaque Index (decrease) Last time point (final follow-up) · Orthodontic clinics (Spain and Saudi Arabia) | MD -3.45 [-10.6, 3.77] Very low Downgraded: risk of bias 5 studies |
| Photobiomodulation plus ultrasonic scaling (PMB-US) | Ultrasonic scaling (US) | Fusobacterium nucleatum (decrease in oral microbiological culture) Last time point (final follow-up) · Orthodontic clinics (Spain and Saudi Arabia) | MD 0.03 [-0.43, 0.49] Very low Downgraded: risk of bias 2 studies |
| Photobiomodulation plus ultrasonic scaling (PMB-US) | Ultrasonic scaling (US) | Gingival Bleeding Index (decrease) Last time point (final follow-up) · Orthodontic clinics (Spain and Saudi Arabia) | MD -1.65 [-10.17, 7.08] Very low Downgraded: risk of bias 4 studies |
Included primary studies 6
Open in Studies| Study | Year | Also included by | Outcomes it informs here | Trial data |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gomez 2018 Efficacy of photodynamic therapy vs ultrasonic scaler for preventing gingival inflammation and white spot lesions during orthodontic… PMID:30399455 | 2018 | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Abellan 2019 Impact of photodynamic therapy versus ultrasonic scaler on gingival health during treatment with orthodontic fixed appliances. PMID:30575059 | 2019 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Al Nazeh 2020 Application of photodynamic therapy against periodontal bacteria in established gingivitis lesions in adolescent patients undergoing fixed… PMID:32622074 | 2020 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Alqerban 2020 Efficacy of antimicrobial photodynamic and photobiomodulation therapy against Treponema denticola, fusobacterium nucleatum and human beta… PMID:31945548 | 2020 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Baeshen 2020 Effectiveness of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy in restoring clinical, microbial, proinflammatory cytokines and pain scores in… PMID:32916329 | 2020 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Malik 2020 Effectiveness of mechanical debridement with and without antimicrobial photodynamic therapy against oral yeasts in children with… PMID:32305653 | 2020 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
Overlap with other reviews
Reviews that include the same primary studies are not independent evidence. Shared counts match studies by PMID, DOI or NCT, and otherwise by author and year (a probable match). Only the non-Cochrane dental reviews have study lists, so overlap with Cochrane reviews is not counted yet.
| Review | Shared studies | Jaccard |
|---|---|---|
| Effect of Photodynamic Therapy on Microorganisms Responsible for Dental Caries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. (2019) | 1 | 0.01 |
Review question
| Element | Planned (methods) | Found (results) |
|---|---|---|
| Population | Orthodontic patients aged at least 13 years with at least 3 months of fixed orthodontic treatment | Orthodontic patients with fixed appliances, aged 12 to 19 years (n=173) |
| Intervention | Photodynamic therapy (PDT) | PDT with methylene blue (n=5 RCTs), PDT plus ultrasonic scaling, photobiomodulation plus ultrasonic scaling |
| Comparison | Non-PDT-based treatment | Ultrasonic scaling (n=3 RCTs), ultrasonic scaling plus laser (n=1), manual scraping (n=2) |
| Outcomes | Primary: decreased gingival inflammation (probing depth, Plaque Index, Gingival Bleeding Index, Gingival Index); secondary: oral microbiological culture, gingival crevicular fluid cytokines | Probing depth, Plaque Index, Gingival Bleeding Index, Gingival Index, microbiology (P. gingivalis, F. nucleatum, T. forsythia, P. intermedia, T. denticola, S. mutans), IL-6, TNF-alpha, IL-1b, IL-10, hBD-2 |
| Study designs | Randomized and non-randomized clinical trials | RCTs (n=6) |
| Timing | Not specified | Follow-up 28 days to 9 months |