Reduction in level of contamination by particles >5 um (droplets) at <2 m from patient's oral cavity · Dental patients undergoing aerosol-generating procedures (AGPs) and the dental healthcare providers treating them
Chlorhexidine (CHX) led to lower reduction in level of contamination by particles >5 um (droplets) at… compared with essential oils/herbal mouthwash; GRADE not reported.
4 findings from 1 review
MD -44.1 [-59.12, -29.08]
1 study · 20 participants
GRADE not reported
Bay 1993 compared 0.12% CHX with essential oil mouthwash C (Listerine) at pharynx level (Andersen's level 2), which was considered patient level and hence was not analysed. No pooled estimate or GRADE rating.
1 study
GRADE not reported
MD -12.21 [-15.58, -8.83]
3 studies · 76 participants
Low
Show 1 more finding
Reduction in level of contamination by particles >5 um (droplets) at <2 m from patient's oral cavity · Dental patients undergoing aerosol-generating procedures (AGPs) and the dental healthcare providers treating them
1 finding from 1 review
Reduction in level of contamination by particles >5 um (droplets) at <2 m from patient's oral cavity · Dental patients undergoing aerosol-generating procedures (AGPs) and the dental healthcare providers treating them
It is very uncertain whether povidone iodine changes reduction in level of contamination by particles >5 um (droplets) at… compared with ozonated water (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Reduction in level of contamination by particles >5 um (droplets) at <2 m from patient's oral cavity · Dental patients undergoing aerosol-generating procedures (AGPs) and the dental healthcare providers treating them
It is very uncertain whether chlorhexidine (CHX) changes reduction in level of contamination by particles >5 um (droplets) at… compared with cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) (very low certainty).
9 findings from 1 review
MD 8.8 [2.7, 14.9]
1 study · 20 participants
Very low
MD 17.4 [11.3, 23.5]
1 study · 20 participants
Very low
MD -11.5 [-18.37, -4.63]
1 study · 20 participants
Very low
Show 6 more findings
MD -8.8 [-14.9, -2.7]
1 study · 20 participants
Very low
MD -2.2 [-9.07, 4.67]
1 study · 20 participants
Very low
MD -30 [-85.86, 25.86]
1 study · 30 participants
Very low
MD -0.2 [-6.3, 5.9]
1 study · 20 participants
Very low
MD 13.6 [6.73, 20.47]
1 study · 20 participants
Very low
MD 4.43 [-2.27, 11.13]
2 studies · 50 participants
Very low
Reduction in level of contamination by particles >5 um (droplets) at <2 m from patient's oral cavity · Dental patients undergoing aerosol-generating procedures (AGPs) and the dental healthcare providers treating them
5 findings from 1 review
At operator level, because of high heterogeneity (I2 = 98%), the results were not meta-analysed (6 studies, 196 participants). No pooled estimate or GRADE rating.
6 studies · 196 participants
GRADE not reported
MD -632.94 [-1267.33, 1.45]
3 studies · 80 participants
Very low
MD -101.1 [-107.01, -95.19]
1 study · 20 participants
Low
Show 2 more findings
Bay 1993 compared 0.12% CHX with distilled water (30-second rinse) and evaluated the outcome at patient level (Andersen's level 2, oropharynx); the data were not included in the meta-analysis. No pooled estimate or…
1 study
GRADE not reported
At assistant level, because of high heterogeneity (I2 = 96%), the results were not meta-analysed (4 studies, 136 participants). No pooled estimate or GRADE rating.
4 studies · 136 participants
GRADE not reported
Reduction in level of contamination by particles >5 um (droplets) at <2 m from patient's oral cavity · Dental patients undergoing aerosol-generating procedures (AGPs) and the dental healthcare providers treating them
It is very uncertain whether cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) changes reduction in level of contamination by particles >5 um (droplets) at… compared with no rinsing (very low certainty).
3 findings from 1 review
MD -0.75 [-1.32, -0.18]
2 studies · 200 participants
Very low
MD -34.8 [-65.92, -3.68]
1 study · 30 participants
Very low
MD -583 [-958.36, -207.64]
1 study · 30 participants
Low
Reduction in level of contamination by particles <=5 um (droplet nuclei) at >=2 m from patient's oral cavity · Dental patients undergoing aerosol-generating procedures (AGPs) and the dental healthcare providers treating them
It is very uncertain whether chlorhexidine (CHX) changes reduction in level of contamination by particles <=5 um (droplet… compared with povidone iodine (very low certainty).
2 findings from 1 review
Reduction in level of contamination by particles >5 um (droplets) at <2 m from patient's oral cavity · Dental patients undergoing aerosol-generating procedures (AGPs) and the dental healthcare providers treating them
It is very uncertain whether tempered cetylpyridinium chloride changes reduction in level of contamination by particles >5 um (droplets) at… compared with cold cetylpyridinium chloride (very low certainty).
2 findings from 1 review
Oral care vs No oral care
Outcome not reported · Residents of nursing homes and other long-term care facilities
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
Reduction in level of contamination by particles >5 um (droplets) at <2 m from patient's oral cavity · Dental patients undergoing aerosol-generating procedures (AGPs) and the dental healthcare providers treating them
It is very uncertain whether boric acid changes reduction in level of contamination by particles >5 um (droplets) at… compared with water (very low certainty).
2 findings from 1 review
MD -29.3 [-32.65, -25.95]
1 study · 60 participants
Very low
MD -14.04 [-16.47, -11.61]
1 study · 60 participants
Very low
Adverse events such as transient discolouration, altered taste, allergic reaction, hypersensitivity · People undergoing aerosol-generating procedures (AGPs) in a dental setting
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
Incidence of infection of dental healthcare providers · People undergoing aerosol-generating procedures (AGPs) in a dental setting
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
Reduction in level of contamination by particles >5 um (droplets) at <2 m from patient's oral cavity · Dental patients undergoing aerosol-generating procedures (AGPs) and the dental healthcare providers treating them
It is very uncertain whether chlorhexidine (CHX) changes reduction in level of contamination by particles >5 um (droplets) at… compared with ozonated water (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Incidence of NHAP · Residents of nursing homes and other long-term care facilities
1 finding from 1 review
Incidence of NHAP, follow-up 8-30 months, 5018 (5 studies), Low. Not pooled (individual and cluster-randomised designs, varying effect measures and follow-up). Component estimates: Bourigault HR 0.65 (0.29 to 1.46;…
5 studies · 5018 participants
Low
Mortality (all‐cause) · Residents of nursing homes and other long-term care facilities
1 finding from 1 review
All-cause mortality, follow-up 12-30 months, 3764 (3 studies), Very low. Not pooled. Adachi RR 0.80 (0.40 to 1.58; 88); Juthani-Mehta HR 1.16 (0.88 to 1.53; 834); Zimmerman adjusted IRR 0.83 (0.61 to 1.12; 1606).…
3 studies · 3764 participants
Very low
Reduction in level of contamination by particles >5 um (droplets) at <2 m from patient's oral cavity · Dental patients undergoing aerosol-generating procedures (AGPs) and the dental healthcare providers treating them
Cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) may leads to lower reduction in level of contamination by particles >5 um (droplets) at… compared with water (low certainty).
3 findings from 1 review
MD -246 [-437.96, -54.04]
1 study · 30 participants
Low
MD -0.78 [-1.24, -0.31]
1 study · 105 participants
Very low
MD -48.7 [-67.82, -29.58]
1 study · 30 participants
Very low
Reduction in level of contamination by particles >5 um (droplets) at <2 m from patient's oral cavity · Dental patients undergoing aerosol-generating procedures (AGPs) and the dental healthcare providers treating them
It is very uncertain whether povidone iodine changes reduction in level of contamination by particles >5 um (droplets) at… compared with saline (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Reduction in level of contamination by particles >5 um (droplets) at <2 m from patient's oral cavity · Dental patients undergoing aerosol-generating procedures (AGPs) and the dental healthcare providers treating them
Chlorhexidine (CHX) led to lower reduction in level of contamination by particles >5 um (droplets) at… compared with saline; GRADE not reported.
2 findings from 1 review
MD -668.4 [-1044.45, -292.35]
1 study · 20 participants
GRADE not reported
MD -21.33 [-36.8, -5.86]
1 study · 12 participants
Very low
Reduction in level of contamination by particles >5 um (droplets) at <2 m from patient's oral cavity · Dental patients undergoing aerosol-generating procedures (AGPs) and the dental healthcare providers treating them
3 findings from 1 review
Bay 1993 compared essential oil mouthwash C (Listerine) with distilled water and reported combined CFUs at different levels using Andersen's air sampler; level 2 (pharynx) was considered patient level and was not…
1 study
GRADE not reported
At operator level, because of high heterogeneity (I2 = 98%), the results were not meta-analysed (3 studies; Gupta 2014, Nayak 2020, Shetty 2013). No pooled estimate or GRADE rating.
3 studies
GRADE not reported
At assistant level, because of high heterogeneity (I2 = 99%), the results were not meta-analysed (3 studies; Gupta 2014, Nayak 2020, Shetty 2013). No pooled estimate or GRADE rating.
3 studies
GRADE not reported
Reduction in level of contamination by particles >5 um (droplets) at <2 m from patient's oral cavity · Dental patients undergoing aerosol-generating procedures (AGPs) and the dental healthcare providers treating them
It is very uncertain whether chlorhexidine (CHX) changes reduction in level of contamination by particles >5 um (droplets) at… compared with boric acid (very low certainty).
2 findings from 1 review
MD -8.03 [-9.65, -6.41]
1 study · 60 participants
Very low
MD -26.6 [-28.24, -24.96]
1 study · 60 participants
Very low