Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

30 questions · 31 findings · 7 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 3 · 9.7%GRADE not reported 0 · 0%Very low 6 · 19.4%Low 17 · 54.8%Moderate 5 · 16.1%High 0 · 0%

Very early treatment vs expectant management

Severe intraventricular hemorrhage in infants who received neuroimaging · preterm infants

Very early treatment showed no clear difference in severe Intraventricular hemorrhage (grades III and IV) compared with expectant management (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Very early treatment vs expectant management

Neurodevelopmental outcomes (moderate/severe cognitive delay at 18 to 24 months) · preterm infants

Very early treatment showed no clear difference in neurodevelopmental outcomes (moderate/severe cognitive delay at 18… compared with expectant management (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Very early treatment vs expectant management

Neurodevelopmental outcomes (moderate/severe motor delay at 18 to 24 months) · preterm infants

Very early treatment showed no clear difference in neurodevelopmental outcomes (moderate/severe motor delay at 18 to 24… compared with expectant management (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Very early treatment vs expectant management

Neurodevelopmental outcomes (moderate/severe language delay at 18 to 24 months) · preterm infants

Very early treatment showed no clear difference in neurodevelopmental outcomes (moderate/severe language delay at 18 to… compared with expectant management (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Very early treatment vs expectant management

Proportion of infants requiring surgical PDA ligation or transcatheter occlusion · preterm infants

Very early treatment showed no clear difference in proportion of infants requiring surgical PDA ligation or… compared with expectant management (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Very early treatment vs expectant management

Proportion of infants receiving any pharmacotherapy for a hemodynamically significant PDA · preterm infants

It is very uncertain whether very early treatment changes proportion of infants receiving any pharmacotherapy for a… compared with expectant management (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Very early discharge vs early discharge

Treatment failure; rehospitalization or adjustment of antimicrobial treatment (or both) in number of episodes · children with cancer

Very early discharge showed no clear difference in treatment failure; rehospitalization or adjustment of antimicrobial… compared with early discharge (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Very early discharge vs early discharge

Treatment failure; rehospitalization or adjustment of antimicrobial treatment (or both), only first episode in number of participants · children with cancer

Very early discharge showed no clear difference in treatment failure; rehospitalization or adjustment of antimicrobial… compared with early discharge (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Specialised early intervention (SEI) vs treatment

Recovered · recent‐onset psychosis (less than three years since the start of psychotic symptoms and either first or second psychotic episode)

Specialised early intervention (SEI) may leads to higher global state: recovery (assessed by proportion recovered, as defined… compared with treatment (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Early discharge vs non‐early discharge

Treatment failure; rehospitalization or adjustment of antimicrobial treatment (or both) in number of episodes · children with cancer

Early discharge showed no clear difference in treatment failure; rehospitalization or adjustment of antimicrobial… compared with non‐early discharge (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review