HIV infection · High‐risk individuals (including serodiscordant couples, men who have sex with men and sex workers)
TDF probably leads to lower HIV infection compared with placebo (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Serious adverse events · High‐risk individuals (including serodiscordant couples, men who have sex with men and sex workers)
TDF showed no clear difference in serious adverse events compared with placebo (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Serious adverse events · patients with initial ART
TDF showed no clear difference in serious adverse events compared with AZT (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Virologic response · patients with initial ART
TDF showed no clear difference in virologic response compared with AZT (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Adherence/tolerability/retention · patients with initial ART
TDF probably leads to higher adherence/tolerability/retention compared with AZT (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Immunological response · patients with initial ART
1 finding from 1 review
Drug resistance · patients with initial ART
It is very uncertain whether TDF changes drug resistance compared with AZT (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
HIV infection · High‐risk HIV‐uninfected individuals (including serodiscordant couples, men who have sex with men and sex workers)
TDF+ FTC probably leads to lower HIV infection compared with placebo (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Serious adverse events · High‐risk HIV‐uninfected individuals (including serodiscordant couples, men who have sex with men and sex workers)
TDF+ FTC showed no clear difference in serious adverse events compared with placebo (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Correlation between daily urinary fluoride excretion (DUFE) and fluoride intake · Children and adults with 24-h urinary fluoride monitoring (9 studies reporting both intake and urine; Table 2)
Daily urinary fluoride excretion was not correlated with total daily fluoride intake or with fluoride intake from toothpaste (R2 < 0.07), based on nine studies (ungraded).
1 finding from 1 review
Contribution of dental care products to total daily fluoride intake (TDFI), by tap-water fluoride level · Children using fluoride-containing dental care products (majority of included studies)
In children in low-fluoridated tap water areas, dental care products contributed on average 39% of total fluoride exposure (ungraded).
5 findings from 1 review
Show 2 more findings
Contribution of dental care products to total daily fluoride intake (TDFI), by tap-water fluoride level · Adults using fluoride-containing dental care products (two included studies [28,47]; aged 20-35)
In adults in poor-fluoridated tap water areas, dental care products contributed on average 12% of total fluoride exposure (ungraded; 1-2 studies).
3 findings from 1 review
Contribution of dental care products to total daily fluoride intake (TDFI) · Humans using fluoride-containing dental care products; 28 included studies, mostly young children, only two studies in adults (aged…
Fluoride-containing dental care products (mainly toothpaste) contributed on average 38% (SD 27%) of total daily fluoride intake, regardless of tap-water fluoride level or age (ungraded; descriptive synthesis, no meta-analysis).
1 finding from 1 review