Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

49 questions · 51 findings · 8 reviews · Neonatal · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 0 · 0%GRADE not reported 4 · 7.8%Very low 8 · 15.7%Low 10 · 19.6%Moderate 21 · 41.2%High 8 · 15.7%

Inhaled steroids vs systemic steroids

Death or bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 36 weeks PMA · Neonates with developing BPD

Inhaled steroids showed no clear difference in death or BPD at 36 weeks' postmenstrual age compared with systemic steroids (moderate certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Inhaled steroids vs systemic steroids

Diastolic blood pressure > 95th percentile at 7 years · Neonates with developing BPD

Inhaled steroids probably leads to lower diastolic blood pressure > 95th percentile at 7 years compared with systemic steroids (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Inhaled steroids vs systemic steroids

General conceptual ability (GCA) score at 7 years The test has a standardisation mean of 100 and SD of 15 · Neonates with developing BPD

Inhaled steroids showed no clear difference in general conceptual ability (GCA) score at 7 years The test has a… compared with systemic steroids (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Inhaled steroids vs systemic steroids

Systolic blood pressure > 95th percentile at 7 years · Neonates with developing BPD

Inhaled steroids showed no clear difference in systolic blood pressure > 95th percentile at 7 years compared with systemic steroids (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Inhaled steroids vs systemic corticosteroids

BPD or death at 36 weeks' postmenstrual age№ of participants: 0 (0 RCTs) · preterm infants with respiratory distress for initial respiratory support

Inhaled steroids showed no clear difference in death or BPD at 36 weeks' postmenstrual age among all randomised compared with systemic corticosteroids (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Inhaled steroids vs systemic corticosteroids

Death or BPD (28 days) · preterm infants with respiratory distress for initial respiratory support

Inhaled steroids showed no clear difference in death or BPD at 28 days compared with systemic corticosteroids (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Inhaled steroids vs systemic corticosteroids

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia/chronic lung disease · preterm infants with respiratory distress for initial respiratory support

Inhaled steroids showed no clear difference in BPD at 36 weeks' postmenstrual age compared with systemic corticosteroids (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Inhaled corticosteroids vs no treatment or placebo

Need for nasal continuous positive airway pressure · patients with the management of transient tachypnea of the newborn

It is very uncertain whether inhaled corticosteroids changes need for nasal continuous positive airway pressure compared with no treatment or placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review