What do systematic reviews say?

More and shorter vs hollow fibre filter of the same membrane type

• Non‐pharmacological interventions for preventing clotting of extracorporeal circuits during continuous renal… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 6 participants
  Low

More and shorter vs hollow fibre filter of the same membrane type

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Non‐pharmacological interventions for preventing clotting of extracorporeal circuits during continuous renal… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

More and shorter vs hollow fibre filter of the same membrane type

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Non‐pharmacological interventions for preventing clotting of extracorporeal circuits during continuous renal… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

More and shorter vs hollow fibre filter of the same membrane type

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Non‐pharmacological interventions for preventing clotting of extracorporeal circuits during continuous renal… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Short duration (3 to 4 days) vs long duration (7 to 14 days) IV therapy

Short duration (3 to 4 days) showed no clear difference in persistent bacteriuria after treatment compared with long duration (7 to 14 days) IV therapy (low certainty).

• Antibiotics for acute pyelonephritis in children 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.78 [0.24, 2.55]
  4 studies · 305 participants
  Low

Short duration (3 to 4 days) vs long duration (7 to 14 days) IV therapy

Short duration (3 to 4 days) showed no clear difference in recurrent UTI within 6 months compared with long duration (7 to 14 days) IV therapy (moderate certainty).

• Antibiotics for acute pyelonephritis in children 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.97 [0.58, 1.62]
  5 studies · 993 participants
  Moderate

Short duration (3 to 4 days) vs long duration (7 to 14 days) IV therapy

Short duration (3 to 4 days) showed no clear difference in persistent renal damage at 3 to 6 months: all included children with… compared with long duration (7 to 14 days) IV therapy (moderate certainty).

• Antibiotics for acute pyelonephritis in children 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.01 [0.8, 1.29]
  4 studies · 726 participants
  Moderate

Short duration (3 to 4 days) vs long duration (7 to 14 days) IV therapy

Short duration (3 to 4 days) showed no clear difference in persistent renal damage at 3 to 6 months: children with initial… compared with long duration (7 to 14 days) IV therapy (moderate certainty).

• Antibiotics for acute pyelonephritis in children 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.1 [0.84, 1.45]
  3 studies · 315 participants
  Moderate

Lower salt intake vs usual or high salt intake

• Altered dietary salt intake for preventing diabetic kidney disease and its progression 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  5 studies · 112 participants
  Low

Lower salt intake vs usual or high salt intake

• Altered dietary salt intake for preventing diabetic kidney disease and its progression 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  5 studies · 112 participants
  Low

Prebiotic vs another prebiotic

• Synbiotics, prebiotics and probiotics for people with chronic kidney disease 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 24 participants
  GRADE not reported

Systemic antibiotics plus antibiotic lock solutions plus tissue plasminogen activator vs systemic antibiotics plus antibiotic lock solutions plus heparin

It is very uncertain whether systemic antibiotics plus antibiotic lock solutions plus tissue… changes cure: short‐term success compared with systemic antibiotics plus antibiotic lock solutions plus heparin (very low certainty).

• Interventions for treating catheter‐related bloodstream infections in people receiving maintenance haemodialysis 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.92 [0.74, 1.15]
  18 participants
  Very low

Relaxation vs usual care

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Psychosocial interventions for preventing and treating depression in dialysis patients 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

CBT vs usual care

Cognitive‐behavioural therapy probably leads to higher health‐related quality of life Investigators measured health‐related… compared with usual care (moderate certainty).

• Psychosocial interventions for preventing and treating depression in dialysis patients 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  SMD 0.51 [0.19, 0.83]
  4 studies · 230 participants
  Moderate

Spiritual practice vs usual care

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Psychosocial interventions for preventing and treating depression in dialysis patients 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Relaxation vs control

Summary of findings: relaxation showed no clear difference in quality of life Quality of Life Index ‐ dialysis version and Medical… compared with control (low certainty).

• Interventions for improving sleep quality in people with chronic kidney disease 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  SMD 0.47
  2 studies · 138 participants
  Low

Relaxation vs control

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings: relaxation changes fatigue PROMIS‐Fatigue Short Form 1.0 and Rhoten and Piper fatigue… compared with control (very low certainty).

• Interventions for improving sleep quality in people with chronic kidney disease 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 119 participants
  Very low

Dietary modifications (counselling or dietary change) vs control

• Dietary interventions for adults with chronic kidney disease 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 119 participants
  Low

Extended vs short‐duration valganciclovir

Extended probably leads to lower CMV disease compared with short‐duration valganciclovir (moderate certainty).

• Antiviral medications for preventing cytomegalovirus disease in solid organ transplant recipients 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.2 [0.12, 0.35]
  2 studies · 454 participants
  Moderate

Extended vs short‐duration valganciclovir

Extended showed no clear difference in all‐cause death compared with short‐duration valganciclovir (low certainty).

• Antiviral medications for preventing cytomegalovirus disease in solid organ transplant recipients 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.09 [0.01, 1.7]
  1 study · 319 participants
  Low