Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

625 questions · 647 findings · 67 reviews · Pregnancy and Childbirth

No studies found 83 · 12.8%GRADE not reported 70 · 10.8%Very low 141 · 21.8%Low 227 · 35.1%Moderate 97 · 15%High 29 · 4.5%

Calcium supplementation/fortification vs placebo or no intervention

Gestational age (preterm birth < 37 weeks) · healthy pregnant women receiving calcium supplementation vs placebo or no treatment

Calcium supplementation showed no clear difference in preterm birth (a) Birth prior to 37 weeks compared with placebo or no treatment (maternal outcomes) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Calcium supplementation/fortification vs placebo or no intervention

Preterm birth less than 34 weeks' gestation · healthy pregnant women receiving calcium supplementation vs placebo or no treatment

Calcium supplementation showed no clear difference in preterm birth (b) Birth prior to 34 weeks compared with placebo or no treatment (maternal outcomes) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Calcium supplementation/fortification vs placebo or no intervention

Low birthweight · healthy pregnant women receiving calcium supplementation vs placebo or no treatment

Calcium supplementation showed no clear difference in low birthweight (< 2500 g) compared with placebo or no treatment (maternal outcomes) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Chlorhexidine vaginal wash vs placebo

Chorioamnionitis Clinical findings · Pregnant women with a gestational age greater than 28 weeks, considered to be in labour receiving chlorhexidine vaginal douching during…

Chlorhexidine vaginal wash showed no clear difference in chorioamnionitis Clinical findings compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Chlorhexidine vaginal wash vs placebo

Postpartum endometritis Clinical findings · Pregnant women with a gestational age greater than 28 weeks, considered to be in labour receiving chlorhexidine vaginal douching during…

Chlorhexidine vaginal wash showed no clear difference in postpartum endometritis Clinical findings compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Chlorhexidine vaginal wash vs placebo

Neonatal sepsis · Pregnant women with a gestational age greater than 28 weeks, considered to be in labour receiving chlorhexidine vaginal douching during…

Chlorhexidine vaginal wash showed no clear difference in neonatal sepsis Clinical findings compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Chlorhexidine vaginal wash vs placebo

Blood culture confirming neonatal sepsis Clinical findings and confirmation by laboratory · Pregnant women with a gestational age greater than 28 weeks, considered to be in labour receiving chlorhexidine vaginal douching during…

Chlorhexidine vaginal wash showed no clear difference in blood culture confirming neonatal sepsis Clinical findings and… compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Magnesium sulphate vs placebo (outcomes

Death (fetal, neonatal, or later (up to 2 years' corrected age))** · women at risk of preterm birth (< 34 weeks' gestation)

Magnesium sulphate showed no clear difference in death (fetal, neonatal, or later (up to 2 years' corrected age))** compared with placebo (outcomes (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Magnesium sulphate vs placebo (outcomes

Death or cerebral palsy · women at risk of preterm birth (< 34 weeks' gestation)

Magnesium sulphate showed no clear difference in death or cerebral palsy (up to school age)** compared with placebo (outcomes (low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Magnesium sulphate vs placebo (outcomes

Major neurodevelopmental disability at childhood · women at risk of preterm birth (< 34 weeks' gestation)

It is very uncertain whether magnesium sulphate changes major neurodevelopmental disability (school age)** compared with placebo (outcomes (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Magnesium sulphate vs placebo (outcomes

Death or major neurodevelopmental disability · women at risk of preterm birth (< 34 weeks' gestation)

Magnesium sulphate showed no clear difference in death or major neurodevelopmental disability (up to school age)** compared with placebo (outcomes (low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review