Good or better behaviour · Children and adolescents (0 to 16 years) needing dental treatment
It is very uncertain whether chloral hydrate changes good or better behaviour compared with placebo (including no intervention) (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Good or better behaviour · Children and adolescents (0 to 16 years) needing dental treatment
Meperidine (intramuscular) may leads to higher good or better behaviour compared with placebo (including no intervention) (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Behaviour · Children and adolescents (0 to 16 years) needing dental treatment
1 finding from 1 review
Behaviour · Children and adolescents (0 to 16 years) needing dental treatment
It is very uncertain whether nitrous oxide/oxygen changes behaviour (Houpt/behavioural score) compared with placebo (including no intervention) (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Behaviour · Children and adolescents (0 to 16 years) needing dental treatment
It is very uncertain whether oral diazepam changes behaviour (Houpt/behavioural score) compared with placebo (including no intervention) (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Behaviour · Children and adolescents (0 to 16 years) needing dental treatment
It is very uncertain whether intravenous midazolam changes behaviour (Houpt/behavioural score) compared with placebo (including no intervention) (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Behaviour · Children and adolescents (0 to 16 years) needing dental treatment
Oral midazolam probably leads to higher behaviour (Houpt/behavioural score) compared with placebo (including no intervention) (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · People undergoing orthodontic treatment (any age; 9 to 34 years in included studies)
Analgesic (any: NSAID, paracetamol, local anaesthetic or opioid) probably leads to lower pain intensity (VAS 0-100 mm) compared with control (placebo or no treatment) (moderate certainty).
3 findings from 1 review
MD -11.66 [-16.15, -7.17]
10 studies · 685 participants
Moderate
MD -21.19 [-28.31, -14.06]
12 studies · 1012 participants
Moderate
MD -24.27 [-31.44, -17.11]
9 studies · 535 participants
Moderate
Quality of life or participant satisfaction · People undergoing orthodontic treatment (any age; 9 to 34 years in included studies)
1 finding from 1 review
Rescue analgesia · People undergoing orthodontic treatment (any age; 9 to 34 years in included studies)
1 finding from 1 review
Time off school or work · People undergoing orthodontic treatment (any age; 9 to 34 years in included studies)
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
Adverse events · People undergoing orthodontic treatment (any age; 9 to 34 years in included studies)
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
Failure to complete orthodontic treatment due to pain · People undergoing orthodontic treatment (any age; 9 to 34 years in included studies)
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
Anxiety · Children and adolescents aged up to 17 years having dental treatment (orthodontic treatment, fillings, pulp treatment, or tooth…
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
Intraoperative pain · Children and adolescents aged up to 17 years having dental treatment (orthodontic treatment, fillings, pulp treatment, or tooth…
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
Postoperative pain (continuous measure: self report using visual analogue scale) · Children and adolescents having orthodontic separator placement (without local anaesthetic)
Preoperative ibuprofen may leads to lower postoperative pain (continuous measure: self report using visual… compared with placebo (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Adverse events · Children and adolescents having orthodontic separator placement (without local anaesthetic)
1 finding from 1 review
Costs · Children and adolescents aged up to 17 years having dental treatment (orthodontic treatment, fillings, pulp treatment, or tooth…
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
Completion of treatment · Children and adolescents aged up to 17 years having dental treatment (orthodontic treatment, fillings, pulp treatment, or tooth…
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
None of the included studies measured completion of treatment. PUB3: 'The [three/four] studies did not measure intraoperative pain, preoperative and postoperative anxiety measures, patient satisfaction, parental…
0 studies
No studies found
Postoperative pain (dichotomous measure: parent report of presence of pain-related behaviours) · Children and adolescents having dental treatment under local anaesthetic (restorative and extraction treatments)
Preoperative paracetamol (acetaminophen) showed no clear difference in postoperative pain (dichotomous measure: parent report of presence… compared with placebo (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review