What do systematic reviews say?

Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride vs placebo

It is very uncertain whether zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride changes leaving the study early (any reason) compared with placebo (very low certainty).

• Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride for schizophrenia 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.29 [0.01, 6.6]
  2 studies · 100 participants
  Very low
• Zuclopenthixol versus placebo for schizophrenia 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.93 [0.06, 13.54]
  1 study · 29 participants
  Very low

SGLT2 inhibitors vs placebo

Sodium‐glucose co‐transporter protein 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors leads to lower all‐cause death median compared with placebo (high certainty).

• Sodium‐glucose co‐transporter protein 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors for people with chronic kidney disease and diabetes 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.86 [0.81, 0.92]
  20 studies · 44397 participants
  High
• Insulin and glucose‐lowering agents for treating people with diabetes and chronic kidney disease 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  5 studies · 2933 participants
  Very low

Hydroxyurea vs placebo

• Interventions for chronic kidney disease in people with sickle cell disease 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 193 participants
  Low
• Hydroxyurea (hydroxycarbamide) for sickle cell disease 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.65 [0.19, 2.27]
  5 studies · 784 participants
  Moderate

Metformin vs placebo or no treatment

It is very uncertain whether metformin changes clinical pregnancy rate per woman ‐ short protocol GnRH‐antagonist compared with placebo or no treatment (very low certainty).

• Metformin treatment before and during IVF or ICSI in women with polycystic ovary syndrome 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.38 [0.21, 9.14]
  2 studies · 177 participants
  Very low
• Metformin for ovulation induction (excluding gonadotrophins) in women with polycystic ovary syndrome 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1.98 [1.47, 2.65]
  11 studies · 1213 participants
  Moderate

Metformin vs placebo or no treatment

Metformin showed no clear difference in miscarriage rate per woman compared with placebo or no treatment (low certainty).

• Metformin treatment before and during IVF or ICSI in women with polycystic ovary syndrome 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.86 [0.56, 1.32]
  8 studies · 821 participants
  Low
• Metformin for ovulation induction (excluding gonadotrophins) in women with polycystic ovary syndrome 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1.08 [0.5, 2.35]
  4 studies · 748 participants
  Low