It is very uncertain whether percutaneous nephrolithotripsy changes stone‐free rate compared with tubeless percutaneous nephrolithotripsy (very low certainty).
It is very uncertain whether percutaneous nephrolithotripsy changes serious adverse events or complications of treatments compared with tubeless percutaneous nephrolithotripsy (very low certainty).
It is very uncertain whether percutaneous nephrolithotripsy changes secondary procedures compared with tubeless percutaneous nephrolithotripsy (very low certainty).
Percutaneous nephrolithotripsy showed no clear difference in stone‐free rate compared with tubeless mini‐percutaneous nephrolithotripsy (moderate certainty).
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
Percutaneous nephrolithotomy may leads to higher stone‐free rate Assumed MCID: 5% compared with retrograde intrarenal surgery (low certainty).
Percutaneous nephrolithotomy showed no clear difference in major complications Assumed MCID: 2% compared with retrograde intrarenal surgery (moderate certainty).
Percutaneous nephrolithotomy may leads to lower need for secondary interventions Assumed MCID: 5% compared with retrograde intrarenal surgery (low certainty).
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
Percutaneous nephrolithotomy showed no clear difference in ureteral stricture or injury Assumed MCID: 2% compared with retrograde intrarenal surgery (low certainty).
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
Systemic TXA probably leads to lower blood transfusion compared with no TXA (placebo or usual care) (moderate certainty).
Topical TXA probably leads to lower blood transfusion compared with no TXA (placebo or usual care) (moderate certainty).
Topical TXA showed no clear difference in stone‐free rate compared with no TXA (placebo or usual care) (low certainty).
Topical TXA showed no clear difference in thromboembolic events compared with no TXA (placebo or usual care) (moderate certainty).
Topical TXA showed no clear difference in adverse event compared with no TXA (placebo or usual care) (moderate certainty).