Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

26 questions · 26 findings · 7 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 10 · 38.5%GRADE not reported 0 · 0%Very low 10 · 38.5%Low 4 · 15.4%Moderate 2 · 7.7%High 0 · 0%

Intervention not reported

Average reduction in mean speed 2.3 km/h (p = 0.05) at camera sites post 1st year. Average reduction in mean speeds 1.3 km/h (‐2.6 to 0.1)post 2nd year on experimental open roads
1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Having controlled for season and general trends, injury crash outcomes in experimental areas relative to control areas were a net reduction of 11% (p= 0.03) in all crashes and 19% (p=0.002) in injury crashes on open roads across the region associa...

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Number of participants with self‐reported pain intensity reduction of at least 50% from baseline · adults undergoing open heart surgery

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Number of participants with self‐reported pain intensity reduction of at least 50% from baseline · adults undergoing open heart surgery

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Number of participants with self‐reported pain intensity reduction of at least 50% from baseline · adults undergoing open heart surgery

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Intramedullary fixation vs open reduction and internal fixation with plate

Function (overall) Various tools · adults (aged ≥ 16 years) with acute middle third clavicle fractures

Intramedullary fixation may leads to higher function or disability (overall) Various tools (Constant score and… compared with open reduction and internal fixation with plate (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intramedullary fixation vs open reduction and internal fixation with plate

Pain ‐ using the section of Constant score Scale from 0 to 15; with 15 being the best positive score · adults (aged ≥ 16 years) with acute middle third clavicle fractures

It is very uncertain whether intramedullary fixation changes pain ‐ using the section of Constant score Scale from 0 to 15; with… compared with open reduction and internal fixation with plate (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intramedullary fixation vs open reduction and internal fixation with plate

Treatment failure (participants who have a non‐routine secondary surgical intervention) ‐ Overall treatment failure · adults (aged ≥ 16 years) with acute middle third clavicle fractures

It is very uncertain whether intramedullary fixation changes treatment failure (participants who have a non‐routine secondary… compared with open reduction and internal fixation with plate (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intramedullary fixation vs open reduction and internal fixation with plate

Clinical healing ‐ time to clinical/radiographic fracture consolidation (weeks) · adults (aged ≥ 16 years) with acute middle third clavicle fractures

It is very uncertain whether intramedullary fixation changes clinical healing ‐ time to clinical/radiographic fracture… compared with open reduction and internal fixation with plate (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intramedullary fixation vs open reduction and internal fixation with plate

Adverse events ‐ total of adverse events (various: mainly infection; cosmetic result ‐ e.g. prominent metalwork ‐ and symptomatic hardware) · adults (aged ≥ 16 years) with acute middle third clavicle fractures

It is very uncertain whether intramedullary fixation changes adverse events ‐ total of adverse events (various: mainly infection;… compared with open reduction and internal fixation with plate (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review