What do systematic reviews say?

Local excision vs radical resection

• Local versus radical surgery for early rectal cancer with or without neoadjuvant or adjuvant therapy 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  4 studies · 265 participants
  Low

Local excision vs radical resection

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Local versus radical surgery for early rectal cancer with or without neoadjuvant or adjuvant therapy 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Local excision vs radical resection

Local excision showed no clear difference in disease‐free survival (D‐FS)Â compared with radical resection (low certainty).

• Local versus radical surgery for early rectal cancer with or without neoadjuvant or adjuvant therapy 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 1.96 [0.91, 4.24]
  3 studies · 212 participants
  Low

Local excision vs radical resection

• Local versus radical surgery for early rectal cancer with or without neoadjuvant or adjuvant therapy 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 165 participants
  Low

Local excision vs radical resection

It is very uncertain whether local excision changes cancer‐related survival (C‐RS)Â compared with radical resection (very low certainty).

• Local versus radical surgery for early rectal cancer with or without neoadjuvant or adjuvant therapy 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 1.42 [0.6, 3.33]
  3 studies · 207 participants
  Very low

Local excision vs radical resection

Local excision showed no clear difference in major postoperative complications compared with radical resection (low certainty).

• Local versus radical surgery for early rectal cancer with or without neoadjuvant or adjuvant therapy 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.53 [0.22, 1.28]
  4 studies · 266 participants
  Low

Local excision vs radical resection

Local excision probably leads to lower minor postoperative complications compared with radical resection (moderate certainty).

• Local versus radical surgery for early rectal cancer with or without neoadjuvant or adjuvant therapy 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.48 [0.27, 0.85]
  4 studies · 266 participants
  Moderate

Local excision vs radical resection

• Local versus radical surgery for early rectal cancer with or without neoadjuvant or adjuvant therapy 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 55 participants
  Low

Preoperative radiotherapy vs surgery

Preoperative radiotherapy showed no clear difference in overall mortality ‐ only total mesorectal excision ( compared with surgery alone (low certainty).

• Preoperative radiotherapy and curative surgery for the management of localised rectal carcinoma 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  Peto OR 0.97 [0.87, 1.08]
  2 studies · 3211 participants
  Low

SLNB vs observation

SLNB showed no clear difference in surgical Morbidity (Within 30 d) Related to Wide Excision of the… compared with observation (low certainty).

• Sentinel lymph node biopsy followed by lymph node dissection for localised primary cutaneous melanoma 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.11 [0.9, 1.37]
  1 study · 1735 participants
  Low

Laparoscopic vs open total mesorectal excision

Laparoscopic showed no clear difference in local recurrences compared with open total mesorectal excision (moderate certainty).

• Laparoscopic versus open total mesorectal excision for rectal cancer 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.89 [0.57, 1.39]
  8 studies · 1538 participants
  Moderate