Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

42 questions · 42 findings · 6 reviews

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No studies found 10 · 23.8%GRADE not reported 0 · 0%Very low 7 · 16.7%Low 16 · 38.1%Moderate 4 · 9.5%High 5 · 11.9%

Liberal vs restrictive transfusion protocols

Blood transfusion · Adults and children (haemodynamically stable) with potential need for RBC transfusion

Liberal leads to lower participants exposed to blood transfusion (all studies) compared with restrictive transfusion protocols (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Transfusion thresholds for guiding red blood cell transfusion 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.59 [0.53, 0.66]
42 studies · 20057 participants
High

Liberal vs restrictive transfusion protocols

30‐Day mortality · Adults and children (haemodynamically stable) with potential need for RBC transfusion

Liberal showed no clear difference in 30‐Day mortality compared with restrictive transfusion protocols (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Transfusion thresholds for guiding red blood cell transfusion 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.99 [0.86, 1.15]
31 studies · 16729 participants
High

Liberal vs restrictive transfusion protocols

Myocardial infarction · Adults and children (haemodynamically stable) with potential need for RBC transfusion

Liberal showed no clear difference in myocardial infarction compared with restrictive transfusion protocols (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Transfusion thresholds for guiding red blood cell transfusion 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.04 [0.87, 1.24]
23 studies · 14370 participants
High

Liberal vs restrictive transfusion protocols

Congestive heart failure · Adults and children (haemodynamically stable) with potential need for RBC transfusion

Liberal showed no clear difference in congestive heart failure compared with restrictive transfusion protocols (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Transfusion thresholds for guiding red blood cell transfusion 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.83 [0.53, 1.29]
16 studies · 7247 participants
Low

Liberal vs restrictive transfusion protocols

Stroke · Adults and children (haemodynamically stable) with potential need for RBC transfusion

Liberal showed no clear difference in cerebrovascular accident ‐ stroke compared with restrictive transfusion protocols (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Transfusion thresholds for guiding red blood cell transfusion 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.84 [0.64, 1.09]
19 studies · 13985 participants
High

Liberal vs restrictive transfusion protocols

Rebleeding · Adults and children (haemodynamically stable) with potential need for RBC transfusion

Liberal showed no clear difference in rebleeding compared with restrictive transfusion protocols (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Transfusion thresholds for guiding red blood cell transfusion 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.8 [0.59, 1.09]
8 studies · 3412 participants
Moderate

Liberal vs restrictive transfusion protocols

Thromboembolism · Adults and children (haemodynamically stable) with potential need for RBC transfusion

Liberal showed no clear difference in thromboembolism compared with restrictive transfusion protocols (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Transfusion thresholds for guiding red blood cell transfusion 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1.11 [0.65, 1.88]
13 studies · 4201 participants
Moderate

Liberal vs restrictive transfusion protocols

Infection · Adults and children (haemodynamically stable) with potential need for RBC transfusion

Liberal showed no clear difference in infection compared with restrictive transfusion protocols (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Transfusion thresholds for guiding red blood cell transfusion 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.97 [0.88, 1.07]
25 studies · 17104 participants
High

Liberal vs restrictive transfusion protocols

30‐Day mortality · Patients with hip fracture repair

Liberal showed no clear difference in 30‐day mortality compared with restrictive threshold transfusion (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Red blood cell transfusion for people undergoing hip fracture surgery 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.92 [0.67, 1.26]
5 studies · 2683 participants
Low

Liberal vs restrictive transfusion protocols

Inability to walk 10 feet (3 m; or across a room) without human assistance · Patients with hip fracture repair

Liberal showed no clear difference in inability to walk 10 feet (3 m; or across a room) without human… compared with restrictive threshold transfusion (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Red blood cell transfusion for people undergoing hip fracture surgery 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1 [0.87, 1.15]
2 studies · 2083 participants
Low

Liberal vs restrictive transfusion protocols

Thromboembolism (in hospital) · Patients with hip fracture repair

Liberal showed no clear difference in thromboembolism (in hospital) compared with restrictive threshold transfusion (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Red blood cell transfusion for people undergoing hip fracture surgery 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.15 [0.56, 2.37]
4 studies · 2416 participants
Low

Liberal vs restrictive transfusion protocols

Stroke (in hospital) · Patients with hip fracture repair

Liberal showed no clear difference in stroke (in hospital) compared with restrictive threshold transfusion (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Red blood cell transfusion for people undergoing hip fracture surgery 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 2.4 [0.85, 6.79]
4 studies · 2416 participants
Low

Liberal vs restrictive transfusion protocols

Wound infection · Patients with hip fracture repair

Liberal showed no clear difference in wound infection (in hospital) compared with restrictive threshold transfusion (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Red blood cell transfusion for people undergoing hip fracture surgery 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.61 [0.77, 3.35]
3 studies · 2332 participants
Low

Liberal vs restrictive transfusion protocols

Cardiovascular events ‐ myocardial infarction · Patients with hip fracture repair

It is very uncertain whether liberal changes cardiovascular events ‐ myocardial infarction compared with restrictive threshold transfusion (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Red blood cell transfusion for people undergoing hip fracture surgery 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.59 [0.36, 0.96]
3 studies · 2217 participants
Very low

Liberal vs restrictive transfusion protocols

Respiratory infections (namely pneumonia) · Patients with hip fracture repair

Liberal showed no clear difference in respiratory infections (namely pneumonia) compared with restrictive threshold transfusion (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Red blood cell transfusion for people undergoing hip fracture surgery 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.35 [0.95, 1.92]
4 studies · 2416 participants
Low

Liberal initial fluid vs conservative fluid therapy

All‐cause mortality · adults and children with initial sepsis and septic shocka

Liberal initial fluid probably leads to higher all‐cause mortality compared with conservative fluid therapy (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Liberal versus conservative fluid therapy in adults and children with sepsis or septic shock 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.38 [1.07, 1.77]
2 studies · 3288 participants
Moderate

Liberal initial fluid vs conservative fluid therapy

Adverse events · adults and children with initial sepsis and septic shocka

Liberal initial fluid showed no clear difference in adverse events compared with conservative fluid therapy (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Liberal versus conservative fluid therapy in adults and children with sepsis or septic shock 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.95 [0.6, 1.5]
1 study · 147 participants
Low

Fluid restricted vs liberal fluids compared to placebo

Duration of oxygen therapy (hours) · preterm infants with chronic lung disease

1 finding from 1 review

Fluid restriction for treatment of preterm infants with chronic lung disease 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 60 participants
Low

Fluid restricted vs liberal fluids compared to placebo

Length of hospital stay · preterm infants with chronic lung disease

1 finding from 1 review

Fluid restriction for treatment of preterm infants with chronic lung disease 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 60 participants
Low

Fluid restricted vs liberal fluids compared to placebo

Daily weight gain · preterm infants with chronic lung disease

1 finding from 1 review

Fluid restriction for treatment of preterm infants with chronic lung disease 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 60 participants
Low