Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

467 questions · 471 findings · 38 reviews · Airways

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No studies found 35 · 7.4%GRADE not reported 27 · 5.7%Very low 31 · 6.6%Low 138 · 29.3%Moderate 178 · 37.8%High 62 · 13.2%

Inhaled corticosteroids vs placebo

Lung function: FEV1 mL (change from baseline) · people with bronchiectasis

1 finding from 1 review

Inhaled corticosteroids for bronchiectasis 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 156 participants
Low

Inhaled corticosteroids vs placebo

Number of participants improved · people with bronchiectasis

Inhaled corticosteroids showed no clear difference in number of participants improved compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Inhaled corticosteroids for bronchiectasis 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.57 [0.24, 1.34]
1 study · 86 participants
Low

Inhaled corticosteroids vs placebo

Lung function (spirometry indices) ‐ FVC (in L, end study minus baseline values) · people with bronchiectasis

1 finding from 1 review

Inhaled corticosteroids for bronchiectasis 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 156 participants
Low

Inhaled corticosteroids vs placebo

Lung function (other indices) ‐ diffusion capacity % predicted (end of study) · people with bronchiectasis

1 finding from 1 review

Inhaled corticosteroids for bronchiectasis 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 57 participants
Low

Inhaled corticosteroids vs placebo

Lung function (other indices) ‐ RV % predicted (end of study values) · people with bronchiectasis

1 finding from 1 review

Inhaled corticosteroids for bronchiectasis 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 57 participants
Low

Inhaled corticosteroids vs placebo

Lung function (other indices) ‐ TLC % predicted (end of study values) · people with bronchiectasis

1 finding from 1 review

Inhaled corticosteroids for bronchiectasis 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 57 participants
Low

Inhaled corticosteroids vs placebo

Exacerbations · people with bronchiectasis

1 finding from 1 review

Inhaled corticosteroids for bronchiectasis 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 127 participants
Low

Inhaled corticosteroids vs placebo

Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P aeruginosa) colonisation · people with bronchiectasis

Inhaled corticosteroids showed no clear difference in pseudomonas aeruginosa (P aeruginosa) colonisation compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Inhaled corticosteroids for bronchiectasis 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.94 [0.45, 1.96]
2 studies · 156 participants
Low

Inhaled corticosteroids vs placebo

FEV1 % predicted: absolute change from baseline · people with bronchiectasis

1 finding from 1 review

Inhaled corticosteroids for bronchiectasis 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 86 participants
Low

Inhaled corticosteroids vs placebo

FVC (% predicted) Change from baseline · people with bronchiectasis

1 finding from 1 review

Inhaled corticosteroids for bronchiectasis 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 86 participants
Low

Inhaled corticosteroids vs placebo

Primary outcome · adults with subacute and chronic cough

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Inhaled corticosteroids for subacute and chronic cough in adults 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Inhaled corticosteroids vs placebo

Proportion of participants who achieved clinical cure or significant improvement (> 70% reduction in cough severity measure) at · adults with subacute and chronic cough

1 finding from 1 review

Inhaled corticosteroids for subacute and chronic cough in adults 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 180 participants
Low

Inhaled corticosteroids vs placebo

Secondary outcomes · adults with subacute and chronic cough

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Inhaled corticosteroids for subacute and chronic cough in adults 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Inhaled corticosteroids vs placebo

Proportion of participants who achieved clinical cure or > 50% reduction in cough severity measure at · adults with subacute and chronic cough

1 finding from 1 review

Inhaled corticosteroids for subacute and chronic cough in adults 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 230 participants
Low

Inhaled corticosteroids vs placebo

Clinical cure · adults with subacute and chronic cough

1 finding from 1 review

Inhaled corticosteroids for subacute and chronic cough in adults 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 320 participants
Low

Inhaled corticosteroids vs placebo

Severity of cough (mean improvement score) · adults with subacute and chronic cough

Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) showed no clear difference in mean change in cough score Symptomatic cough severity measure as… compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Inhaled corticosteroids for subacute and chronic cough in adults 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
5 studies · 346 participants
Low

Inhaled corticosteroids vs placebo

Proportion with adverse effects of treatment · adults with subacute and chronic cough

Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) showed no clear difference in proportion with adverse effects of treatment compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Inhaled corticosteroids for subacute and chronic cough in adults 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1.67 [0.92, 3.04]
4 studies · 381 participants
Moderate

Inhaled corticosteroids plus standard care vs placebo or usual care

All‐cause mortality · adults with a confirmed diagnosis of mild COVID‐19, of whom only 10% (219/2132) participants had received ≥ 1 vaccination

Inhaled corticosteroids plus standard care showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality compared with standard care (with or without placebo) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Inhaled corticosteroids for the treatment of COVID‐19 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.61 [0.22, 1.67]
3 studies · 2132 participants
Low

Inhaled corticosteroids plus standard care vs placebo or usual care

Admission to hospital or death · adults with a confirmed diagnosis of mild COVID‐19, of whom only 10% (219/2132) participants had received ≥ 1 vaccination

Inhaled corticosteroids plus standard care probably leads to lower admission to hospital or death compared with standard care (with or without placebo) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Inhaled corticosteroids for the treatment of COVID‐19 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.72 [0.51, 0.99]
2 studies · 2025 participants
Moderate

Inhaled corticosteroids plus standard care vs placebo or usual care

Resolution of symptoms · adults with a confirmed diagnosis of mild COVID‐19, of whom only 10% (219/2132) participants had received ≥ 1 vaccination

Inhaled corticosteroids plus standard care probably leads to higher symptom resolution: all initial symptoms resolved at day 14 compared with standard care (with or without placebo) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Inhaled corticosteroids for the treatment of COVID‐19 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.19 [1.09, 1.3]
2 studies · 1986 participants
Moderate