Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

12 questions · 12 findings · 4 reviews · Airways · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 1 · 8.3%GRADE not reported 0 · 0%Very low 4 · 33.3%Low 4 · 33.3%Moderate 3 · 25%High 0 · 0%

Increased vs stable doses of inhaled corticosteroids

Treatment failure ‐ need for systemic corticosteroids (ITT) · adults and children with chronic asthma

Increased showed no clear difference in treatment failure: need for systemic corticosteroids (ITT) compared with stable doses of inhaled corticosteroids (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Increased vs stable doses of inhaled corticosteroids

Treatment failure ‐ need for systemic corticosteroids (of those starting inhaler) · adults and children with chronic asthma

It is very uncertain whether increased changes treatment failure: need for systemic corticosteroids (of those… compared with stable doses of inhaled corticosteroids (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Increased vs stable doses of inhaled corticosteroids

Unscheduled physician visits 44 weeks · adults and children with chronic asthma

Increased showed no clear difference in unscheduled physician visits 44 weeks compared with stable doses of inhaled corticosteroids (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Increased vs stable doses of inhaled corticosteroids

Serious adverse events 48 weeks · adults and children with chronic asthma

It is very uncertain whether increased changes serious adverse events 48 weeks compared with stable doses of inhaled corticosteroids (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Increased vs stable doses of inhaled corticosteroids

Non‐serious adverse events 43 weeks · adults and children with chronic asthma

It is very uncertain whether increased changes non‐serious adverse events 43 weeks compared with stable doses of inhaled corticosteroids (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Need for increased ventilatory assistance (invasive or non‐invasive) · individuals with an exacerbation of COPD

The intervention may leads to lower need for increased ventilatory assistance (invasive or non‐invasive) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Number of participants with increased cough · patients with prolonged non‐specific cough in children

The intervention showed no clear difference in number of participants with increased cough (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review